Wells – Processes – Heating – cooling or insulating
Patent
1975-12-24
1977-04-12
Novosad, Stephen J.
Wells
Processes
Heating, cooling or insulating
166272, 166275, E21B 4322, E21B 4324
Patent
active
040169324
ABSTRACT:
Surfactant systems employing two or more surfactants, one anionic and one or more non-ionic surfactants such as polyethoxylated alkylaryl compounds or polyethoxylated alkyl or alkylaryl thiol, are useful in recovering oil from formations which also contain water having high salinities, e.g., salinities greater than about 40,000 parts per million, and which may also contain high concentrations of divalent ions such as calcium and/or magnesium, e.g., greater than about 3,000 parts per million calcium and magnesium. Polyethoxylated alcohols, alkyl phenols or polyethoxylated alkyl or alkylaryl thiols have well defined cloud points, and as a consequence thereof, if the formation temperature is much above the cloud point of the polyethoxylated compound, the surfactant fluid exhibits phase instability which degrades the oil recovery efficiency. Superior results are obtained if the ethoxylated surfactant is chosen to have a cloud point slightly above the formation temperature, and the concentration of divalent ions in the surfactant systems containing two or more surfactants, is maintained at high enough levels to prevent phase instability problems.
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Novosad Stephen J.
Park Jack H.
Ries Carl G.
Texaco Inc.
Whaley Thomas H.
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