Surfactant-containing formulations

Details Surfactant-containing formulations Surfactant-containing formulations

1999-05-17

2001-09-18

Gupta, Yogendra (Department: 1751)

Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions

Auxiliary compositions for cleaning, or processes of preparing

Surfactant composition for cleaning agents

C510S126000, C510S220000, C510S237000, C510S276000, C510S350000, C510S353000, C510S433000, C510S521000, C510S313000, C510S499000, C554S066000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06291422

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The use of fatty acid N-alkylpolyhydroxyalkylamides and, in particular, of fatty acid N-methylglucamide is already known from DE-A-4 430 085; DE-A-4 326 950; DE-A-4 432 366; DE-A-4 424 823; WO 92/6153; WO 92/6156; WO 92/6157; WO 92/6158; WO 92/6159 and WO 92/6160. As well as their high detergency, important advantages of the fatty acid N-methylglucamides are their good biodegradability and the fact that they can be prepared from renewable raw materials. The use of this group of substances as thickeners is also known (EP-A-285 768).
A disadvantage for the use and formulation is the limited solubility of these substances, particularly those having a chain length greater than C16. At relatively high concentrations in water they can only be handled with difficulty because of their high viscosity. Relatively high temperatures, which reduce the viscosity, however, lead to increased hydrolysis.
DE-A-4 238 207 and DE-A-4 238 211 disclose the use of fatty acid polyhydroxyalkylamides as surfactants, which differ from the previously mentioned fatty acid N-alkylpolyhydroxyalkylamides by virtue of the fact that the alkyl group is substituted by a dialkylamino group. Furthermore, these sugar surfactants are quaternized.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It has now been found that the sugar surfactants described in DE-A-4 238 207 and DE-A-4 238 211 are also excellent surfactants in their nonquaternized form. This finding is surprising since the cited prior art makes no mention of the use of the nonquaternized compounds of this type as surfactants.
The invention provides surfactant-containing formulations which comprise, as surfactant, an N-(3-dialkylamino)propyl-N-polyhydroxyalkylcarboxamide of the formula
where R is an aliphatic radical having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, R
1
and R
2
, which are identical or different, are alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or hydroxyalkyl groups having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and Z is a linear polyhydroxyhydrocarbon radical having at least 3 OH groups, which may also be alkoxylated, and also their acid addition products.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Preference is given to compounds of the formula 1 in which R
1
and R
2
are methyl, and Z is the residue of a sugar alcohol derived from a reducing mono- or disaccharide, in particular from glucose.
These compounds are prepared as stated in DE-A-19 51 2249 by acylating an amine of the formula (2)
Z—NH—(CH
2
)
3
—NR
1
R
2
  (2)
with introduction of the radical R—CO, where R, R
1
, R
2
and Z are as defined above.
The acid addition products are then obtained in an additional step by adding a suitable acid. Examples of such acids are mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid, or organic acids, such as carboxylic acids (acetic acid), hydroxycarboxylic acids (lactic acid), branched, linear, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids (maleic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid), polycarboxylic acids (citric acid) or amino acids and derivatives thereof.
Compared with the non-basically substituted known compounds, these compounds have the added advantage that, for matching the hydrophilic properties, not only is the radical Z available, but also the basically substituted alkylene radical, and so the hydrophilic properties can be better tailored than the hydrophobic properties—effected by means of the radical R. The compounds of the formula 1 and their acid addition products are generally suitable as surfactants since they have excellent surfactant properties, such as very good foaming ability, good fat dispersibility (soil titration) and good detergency, coupled with high stability to water hardness and good skin compatibility.
They are suitable for all types of surfactant-containing formulations, in particular for cosmetic cleansing formulations and household cleaners. The formulations according to the invention preferably comprise the compounds of the formula l in an amount of from 0.1 to 99% by weight, in particular from 1 to 50% by weight.
Preferred formulations according to the invention are pulverulent universal detergents (from 1 to 30% by weight), liquid universal detergents (from 1 to 70% by weight), liquid light-duty detergents (from 1 to 50% by weight), hand modifiers (from 1 to 50% by weight), manual dishwashing compositions (from 1 to 50% by weight), toilet cleaners (from 1 to 50% by weight), liquid cleaners and disinfectants (from 1 to 30% by weight), bar soaps of the combination bar type (from 1 to 2% by weight), syndet soaps (from 1 to 2% by weight), hair shampoos (from 1 to 30% by weight), hair rinses (from 1 to 30% by weight), hair dyes (from 1 to 30% by weight), hair-waving compositions (from 1 to 30% by weight), foam baths (from 1 to 30% by weight), face cleansers (from 1 to 30% by weight), textile and fiber auxiliaries (from 1 to 30% by weight), leather greasing agents (from 1 to 30% by weight), flotation auxiliaries (from 1 to 30% by weight) and auxiliaries for dewatering sludges. The percentages in brackets indicate the preferred content of surfactant of the formula 1 in these formulations.
The formulations according to the invention may comprise a compound of the formula 1 or their acid addition products as the sole surfactant, but these surfactants are preferably combined with other customary anionic, nonionic, cationic and/or amphoteric surfactants. The mixing ratio between the surfactants of the formula 1 or their acid addition products and the other surfactants can fluctuate within wide limits, for example in the weight ratio from 1 to 99 to 99 to 1, preferably from 80 to 20 to 20 to 80. The total concentration of surfactants in the formulations according to the invention can be from 1 to 99% by weight, preferably from 5 to 50% by weight.
Suitable anionic surfactants include sulfonates, sulfates, carboxylates, phosphates and mixtures of the above compounds. Suitable cations in this case are alkali metals such as, for example, sodium or potassium, or alkaline earth metals such as, for example, calcium or magnesium, and ammonium, substituted ammonium compounds, including mono-, di- or triethanolammonium cations and mixtures of the cations. The following types of anionic surfactants are of particular interest: alkyl ester sulfonates, alkylsulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, secondary alkanesulfonates and soaps as described below.
Alkyl ester sulfonates include linear esters of C
8
-C
20
-carboxylic acids (i.e. fatty acids) which are sulfonated using gaseous SO
3
, as described in The Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 52 (1975), pp. 323-329. Suitable starting materials are natural fats such as, for example, tallow, palm oil or coconut oil, but they can also be synthetic. Preferred alkyl ester sulfonates, particularly for detergent applications, are compounds of the formula
where R
1
is a C
8
-C
20
-hydrocarbon radical, preferably alkyl, and R is a C
1
-C
6
-hydrocarbon radical, preferably alkyl. M is a cation which forms a water-soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate. Suitable cations are sodium, potassium, lithium or ammonium cations, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine. R
1
is preferably C
10
-C
16
-alkyl and R is preferably methyl, ethyl or isopropyl. Particular preference is given to methyl ester sulfonates where R
1
is C
10
-C
16
-alkyl.
Alkylsulfates are in this case water-soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO
3
M, where R is preferably a C
10
-C
24
-hydrocarbon radical, preferably C
10
-C
20
-alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, particularly preferably C
12
-C
18
-alkyl or -hydroxyalkyl. M is hydrogen or a cation, e.g. an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium), ammonium or substituted ammonium, e.g. methyl-, dimethyl- and trimethylammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations, such as tetramethylammonium and dimethylpiperidinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations, derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine and mixtures thereof. Alkyl chains with C
12
-C
16
are preferred for low wash temperatures (e.g. below abo

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