Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series – Organic compounds – Oxygen containing
Patent
1996-04-05
1998-07-14
Langel, Wayne
Organic compounds -- part of the class 532-570 series
Organic compounds
Oxygen containing
568896, 568897, 502439, 502108, 502182, 502185, 502313, 502527, 585250, 585510, 585709, 585721, C07C 2904, C07C 204, C07C 256, C07C 4100
Patent
active
057806888
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention concerns a supported catalyst and use of same.
The development of new supported catalyst containing sulphonic acid groups on a polymer frame, is of great importance for a number of industrial chemical processes, for example the production of certain ethers from the reaction of C.sub.4 or C.sub.5 fractions of the refinery technology with methanol or ethanol as admix components for the production of fuel (cf. Hydrocarbon Processing, November 1990, pp.126, 128).
To produce improved, particularly more environmentally friendly anti-knock petrol qualities, methyl tertiary butylene ether (MTBE) and tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME) or tertiary butylene ethylether (ETBE) are particularly important admix components.
The processes to produce these components are generally carried out as reaction distillation processes or processes to treat and/or react the products by catalytic distillation.
In case of catalytic distillation the reaction and the processing of the reaction mixture by distillation and/or rectification, which usually takes place in a following step of the process, are carried out in one single reaction apparatus only, which also includes the processing part.
In this connection the introduction and affixing of the catalyst in the reaction apparatus represents a special problem. Usually in the case of solid or supported catalysts a filling of the catalyst into one or several superposed solid beds, permeated by the reaction mixture, is provided.
When the macro-porous cross-linked polystyrene sulphonic acid, used in the industrial production of the MTBE or TAME, is used in spherical form as loose filling in a solid bed as catalyst in the reaction of methanol and butylene, disadvantages like higher resistance to flow, edge flow as well as the wear of the catalyst are involved.
To avoid these disadvantages in a process to carry out chemical reactions in a reaction-distillation apparatus it has been proposed to accommodate the catalyst consisting of macro-porous cross-linked gel pellets of a polystyrene sulphonic acid in closed pouches, which are constructed from and retained by a wire netting and are assigned to a solid bed made to suit the reaction apparatus by coiling in the form of a spiral, cf. EP-A-0 466 954.
It has been further proposed for the purpose of improving the material exchange properties of the solid bed catalyst packing to construct the catalyst in the shape of exchange bodies like Raschig rings, for which purpose a mixture of cross-linked styrene divinyl benzene copolymer in ground form is coextruded with the thermoplastic polypropylene to such an exchange shape and is sulphonated afterwards, cf. FR-A-2 297 083.
This concept has been further developed inasmuch the formed bodies were produced directly from macro-porous ion exchange resins without the use of a thermoplastic material, cf. DE-A-3 930 515. The formed bodies obtained by this method have the expected good material exchange properties as well as a good catalytic activity. It is, however, not easy to manufacture these in production quantities and they leave a lot to be desired regarding their mechanical strength.
From U.S. Pat. No. 4,250,052 supported catalysts are known in the form of a packing, which can be coated with a polymer made of vinyl aromatic monomers and can be subsequently sulphonated. For this purpose the polymer is dissolved, applied to the support and the solvent is then removed again. A disadvantage of this process and/or of the catalyst produced in this manner is that the polymers mentioned cannot be strongly cross-linked as otherwise they could not be dissolved. The result of this is that they can be corroded, separated or dissolved by the reaction mixture also. In addition, in the manner mentioned, no macro-porosity for the polymer can be achieved.
The object of the invention is to produce a supported catalyst with material exchange properties which can be also produced in production quantities.
This objective is achieved by supported catalysts according to the claims 1 to 14 as well as by a process
REFERENCES:
patent: 4426508 (1984-01-01), Dromard et al.
patent: 4508845 (1985-04-01), Dromard et al.
patent: 4661411 (1987-04-01), Martin et al.
patent: 4791081 (1988-12-01), Childress et al.
patent: 5132099 (1992-07-01), Hiramatsu
patent: 5233096 (1993-08-01), Lundquist et al.
patent: 5244929 (1993-09-01), Gottlieb
Becker Stefan
Bruderreck Hartmut
Gottlieb Klaus
Hoffmann Ulrich
Kunz Ulrich
Boozer Tanaga A.
Langel Wayne
Veba Oel Ag
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