Superconductor technology: apparatus – material – process – High temperature – per se – Having tc greater than or equal to 150 k
Patent
1989-07-20
1991-04-30
Stephan, Steven L.
Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
High temperature , per se
Having tc greater than or equal to 150 k
323360, 336DIG1, 505701, 505703, 505870, H01B 1200
Patent
active
050118200
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for supplying a current consumer with current from an accumulator for electrical energy, well as to a current accumulator suitable for carrying out said process.
The design and procedure of current delivery prevailing so far in current accumulators have been such that a current accumulator delivered the required energy in a continuous or quasi-continuous manner over a relatively long period of time.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object to be met by the invention is to make available a process for supplying to make available a consumer with current from a current accumulator, as well as a current accumulator having a high storage capacity in relation to volume or weight, while enabling storage with extremely low losses and enabling also discontinuous current delivery.
To meet this object the process, according to the invention, is characterized in that electrical energy pulses of very short duration each are supplied to the current consumer . from a superconducting accumulator coil composed of superconductors of very small diameter or very small layer thickness. The current accumulator according to the invention is characterized in that it is designed as a superconducting accumulator coil having superconductors of very small diameter or very small layer thickness.
The invention thus teaches the use of a superconducting accumulator coil of such construction that the energy delivery is possible in the form of very short energy pulses, and with extremely low eddy current losses.
Especially suitable small diameters or small layer thicknesses of the superconductors are less than 20 .mu.m, preferably less than 10 .mu.m. Especially suitable short periods of time of the respective energy pulses are less than 10 ms, preferably less than 5 ms and most preferably less than 1 ms.
A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention consists in making the accumulator coil with high-temperature superconductors. High-temperature superconductors are superconductors that are still superconducting at considerably higher temperatures than those considered possible in principle until recently. As a handy limit for these materials, one may indicate a transition temperature, i.e. temperature of the transition from the superconducting state into the normally conducting state, of 80.degree. K. It is typical that high-temperature superconductors are still superconducting at a temperature slightly below the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. Typical materials for high-temperature superconductors are ABa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7 (wherein A=YLa, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Ho, Er, Lu as well as Y.sub.1.2 Ba.sub.0.8 CuO.sub.4. Another example is La.sub.1.85 Sr.sub.0.15 CuO.sub.4, is to be indicated as which has a transition temperature of approx. 40.degree. K. and is not a high-temperature superconductor according to the above definition. These materials usually are so-called layer conductors or two-dimensional superconductors. High-temperature superconductors are known per se, just as conventional superconductors, whose transition temperature is in the rang of several degrees Kelvin, and there is no need for indicating more concrete examples in this respect, since these are generally known.
Despite the very short energy pulse duration preferably employed for discharging the accumulator coil according to the invention, high energy or power delivery is possible because of the considerable energy content per energy pulse and because of the large number of possible successive energy pulses. Typical values are more than 10.sub.8 W per energy pulse, preferably 10.sup.8 to 10.sup.11 W.
The small diameter or small layer thickness of the superconductors of the accumulator coil, provided according to the invention, has the effect that the eddy current losses in the superconductors are kept as low as possible also in case of an energy delivery in the form of very short energy pulses in terms of time. Possibilities of manufacture of such superconductors, which are preferred according to the inven
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Rogers et al.; "Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for Electric Utilities and Fusion Systems"; Adv. in Instru., vol. 33, Jun. 78.
Eriksson et al.; "Superconducting Pulse Magnet For Energy Storage and It's Nonmetallic Cryostat"; IEEE Magnetics, vol. 23, No. 2, 3/87.
Ehrhart Peter
Grundel Andreas
Heidelberg Gotz
Weck Wener
Heidelberg Motor GmbH Gesellschaft fur Energiekonverter
Stephan Steven L.
Sterrett J.
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