Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – From carboxylic acid or derivative thereof
Reexamination Certificate
2001-04-19
2002-02-19
Acquah, Samuel A. (Department: 1711)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
From carboxylic acid or derivative thereof
C528S274000, C528S295000, C528S300000, C528S301000, C528S302000, C528S306000, C528S308000, C528S308600, C528S335000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06348561
ABSTRACT:
COPENDING APPLICATIONS
Illustrated in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 09/838,636, filed concurrently herewith, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, is a toner composition comprised of colorant and an alkali sulfonated polyester-amine resin composition generated from the reaction of an organic diol, an organic diacid, an alkali sulfonated diacid, and an amino-organic diacid.
Illustrated in copending application U.S. Ser. No. 09/838,612, filed concurrently herewith, the disclosures of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, is an ink composition comprised of a vehicle, a colorant and an alkali sulfonated polyester-amine resin generated from the reaction of an organic diol, an organic diacid, an alkali sulfonated diacid, and an amino-organic diacid.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is generally directed to polymeric resin compositions and processes thereof, and more specifically, to novel sulfonated polyester-amine resins, and which resins can be selected for dry toners, inks such as ink jet inks, and/or colorant, such as pigment dispersants. The aforementioned toners or inks can be selected as marking materials in, for example, a number of xerographic printers, copiers, ink jet printers, fax machines, and the like. In embodiments of the present invention there are provided dry toner compositions comprised of a sulfonated polyester-amine resin, and colorant particles comprised of, for example, carbon black, magnetite, cyan, magenta, yellow, blue, green, or mixtures thereof thereby providing for the development and generation of black and/or colored images; inks that can be selected for ink jet printing, thermal ink jet printing, acoustic ink jet printing and the like, and which ink composition is comprised of a sulfonated polyester-amine resin, a vehicle such as water, glycols mixture thereof and the like, and a colorant such as a dye or pigment, thereby providing, for example, developed images with excellent waterfastness and low smear print quality colorant; a pigment dispersant comprised of a sulfonated polyester-amine resin, and which dispersion is utilized in inks formulations or toner compositions, especially compositions prepared by chemical processes, such as emulsion aggregation process and the like, thereby providing an excellent colorant dispersion and high projection efficiency; and a sulfonated polyester-amine resin of, for example, the following formula, and processes for the preparation thereof by, for example, melt condensation
wherein M is a suitable metal, such as an alkali such as sodium, potassium, or lithium, or a hydrogen atom; Y is an alkylene inclusive of alkyleneoxyalkylenes, each with, for example, from about 2 to about 25 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, 1,2-propylene, propylene oxy propylene, or 1,2-butylene; X is an arylene with, for example, from about 7 to about 30 carbon atoms, such as 1,2-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene, or an alkylene; and m, n and o each represent the number of random segments wherein random refers, for example, to the segments m, n and o that do not follow an algorithmic pattern, that is these segments usually follow no pattern as opposed to alternating or block.
The sulfonated polyester-amine resin can be selected as a colorant dispersant, and for toners and inks, which can be employed in known electrophotographic imaging, digital, printing processes, including color processes, ink jet, and lithography. Toners comprised of the aforementioned sulfonated polyester amine are especially useful for the development of colored images with excellent line and solid resolution, and wherein substantially no background deposits are present, and wherein excellent toner electrical stability is retained after multiple printing such as from about 500,000 to 1,000,000 print cycles. Additionally, inks comprised of the sulfonated polyester-amine possess excellent print quality attributes, such as low smear of, for example, less than about a 0.2 change in optical density values after smearing, and excellent waterfastness such as about 90 to about 95 percent on plain papers. Moreover, when the aforementioned resins are utilized as a colorant like pigment dispersant, the dispersant can be selected to prepare chemical toners, such as for example emulsion aggregation toners as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,807, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, and wherein the colorants stabilized by the sulfonated polyester amine provide excellent colorant dispersants of small particle diameter size of between about 20 to about 300 nanometers, and more specifically, between about 50 to about 150 nanometers, thus resulting in high image projection efficiencies, especially on transparency media, such as from about 90 to about 100 percent as measured by the Match Scan II by Milton-Roy.
In embodiments of the present invention, the sulfonated polyester amine resin can be utilized for the preparation of aqueous based pigment dispersions, that is, pigments or colorants dispersed in an aqueous environment and stabilized with a resin, such as the sulfonated polyester amine resin of the present invention, which dispersion is stable and does not usually settle out or aggregate during storage, and wherein the stable dispersion can be utilized for the preparation of chemical toners or inks. Advantages associated with colorant dispersions are that excellent and substantially complete dispersion within the toners are obtained, thus leading to developed images of high projection efficiency, and wherein the transparency projection efficiency obtained is, for example, from about 90 to about 100 percent as measured by the Match Scan II spectrophotometer from Milton-Roy.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the sulfonated polyester-amine resins can be selected for inks utilized in ink jet piezoelectric printers. One of the continuing shortfalls in current ink jet products is excellent waterfastness and low smear. For dyes in particular, this has largely been overcome through the introduction of waterfastness agents, such as polyelectrolytes, for example Calgon and related poly(diallyldiethylammonium) bromide materials. In the present invention, the use of amine containing sulfonated polyester resins readily form ammonium-sulfate ionic salts by pH adjustment. These water dispersible polymeric cationic salt complexes fix or attach to plain papers and enable excellent waterfastness and low smear properties.
The sulfonated polyester-amine resins can, as indicated hereinbefore, be utilized for the preparation of toners, and more specifically, toners generated by emulsion aggregation process such as illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,593,807; 5,840,462, and 5,853,944, the disclosures of which are totally incorporated by reference. More specifically, in embodiments, the polyester resins are useful in the preparation of small average toner particle sizes of, for example, from about 3 microns to about 9 microns, and about 5 microns in volume average diameter without resorting to classification processes, and wherein narrow geometric size distributions are attained, such as from about 1.16 to about 1.30, and more specifically, from about 1.18 to about 1.25. High toner yields also result, such as from about 90 percent to about 98 percent in embodiments of the present invention.
Illustrated in the above mentioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,593,807, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, is a process for the preparation of toner compositions comprising, for example,
(i) preparing an emulsion latex comprised of sodio sulfonated polyester resin particles of from about 5 to about 500 nanometers in size diameter by heating said resin in water at a temperature of from about 65° C. to about 90° C.;
(ii) preparing a pigment dispersion in water by dispersing in water from about 10 to about 25 weight percent of sodio sulfonated polyester and from about 1 to about 5 weight percent of pigment;
(iii) adding the pigment dispersion to the latex
Foucher Daniel A.
Mychajlowskij Walter
Patel Raj D.
Sacripante Guerino G.
Acquah Samuel A.
Palazzo E. O.
Xerox Corporation
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