Plants – Grass – Sugar cane
Plant Patent
1999-09-01
2002-06-18
Campell, Bruce R. (Department: 1661)
Plants
Grass
Sugar cane
Plant Patent
active
PP012710
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This new variety of
Saccharum officinarum
, commonly known as sugar cane, with the identifying number CL83-4266 originated as a seedling from a true seed produced by the inventor by crossing the variety CL66-141 (unpatented) as a female with variety CL73-838 (unpatented) as male. In this form of variety designation, which is well known to sugar cane breeders, ‘CL’ denotes the breeding locality or station, i.e. Clewiston, Fla.; 83 represents the year that the particular variety was first grown in the field, i.e. 1983; and 4266 is the distinctive number assigned to that variety among those grown in that year. The cross was made in December 1982, at Clewiston, Fla., and this new variety was selected from among the progeny of the cross. The inventor has subsequently asexually reproduced the new variety at Clewiston, Fla., by means of stem cuttings. The new variety does not produce seeds under typical field conditions.
The new variety has acceptable sucrose levels beginning in December and maintains a high level of sucrose throughout the rest of the harvest season (a typical harvest season is November 1 to March 15), produces high tons per acre of cane and high tons per acre of sugar. In replicated trials (Table 1) the new clone was compared to a standard cultivar CL61-620 (unpatented; Holder, D. G., and E. H. Todd, 1981, Registration of CL61-620 Sugarcane: Registration Number 53, Crop Science, volume 21, Number 4, page 634; and Glaz, Barry, 1998, Sugarcane Variety Census: Florida 1998, Sugar Azucar, volume 93, Number 12, pages 30-37). In the replicated trial on a medium mineral Terra Ceia organic soil, the new clone averaged lower in early percent yield of sucrose (yield of 96° sucrose, percent cane), higher in late percent yield of sucrose, lower in tons per acre of cane, and lower in both early and late tons per acre of sucrose than ‘CL61-620’. In the trial on a low mineral Terra Ceia organic soil, the new clone averaged lower for early percent yield of sucrose, higher in late percent yield of sucrose, lower in tons per acre of cane, lower in early tons per acre of sucrose, and higher in late tons per acre of sucrose than ‘CL61-620’.
The new clone was competitive with standard cultivars in outfield tests on farms. These tests were designed for a practical demonstration of the potential of the new clone rather than for statistical comparison. The outfield plots, which were several acres in size, were distributed over variable environmental years, organic soil types, planting dates, and harvest dates. The mean production of the new clone was compared with that of standard cultivars grown in surrounding fields on the farms (Table 2). ‘CL83-4266’ exceeded cultivar CL69-886 (unpatented; and Glaz, Barry, 1998, Sugarcane Variety Census: Florida 1998, Sugar Azucar, volume 93, Number 12, pages 30-37) for sucrose content, tons per acre of cane, and tons per acre of sucrose. ‘CL83-4266’, although a little lower in sucrose content, exceeded ‘CL77-797’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 10,839, Title: Sugar Cane Variety CL77-797, Issue Date: Mar. 23, 1999) for tons per acre of cane and tons per acre of sucrose.
The new variety is not recommended for growing on sandy soils.
On organic soils the mature stalks of CL83-4266 are longer but about equal in diameter to those of CL61-620. In the replicated trial on the medium mineral Terra Ceia soil the average stalk length was 23.7 decimeters vs 22.8 decimeters for CL61-620, and the average stalk diameter was 2.80 cm vs 2.75 cm, respectively. In the replicated trial on the low mineral Terra Ceia soil the average stalk length was 22.9 decimeters vs 21.3 decimeters for
CL
61-620, and the average stalk diameter was 2.70 cm vs 2.70, respectively. The stalk core is usually solid, but occasionally may have a small hole or pith.
In Florida the stalks of this new variety usually flower in high frequency in early December. The variety may flower in late November.
The new variety has a high fiber content of 13.0%.
Based on experimental tests and extensive field observations the new variety is judged to be resistant to several disease common to Florida. In inoculation tests the variety was highly resistant to smut (caused by
Ustilago scitaminea
Syd. and P. Syd.), tolerant to ratoon stunting disease (caused by
Clavibacter xyli
subsp.
xyli,
Davis), resistant to leaf scald (caused by
Xanthomonas albilineans
Ashby, Dowson), and resistant to sugarcane mosaic virus strains A, B, D, and E. In order to verify the inoculation tests, extensive observations were made and the variety was found to maintain its resistance to the four diseases above in field plots. Further, based on extensive field observations the new variety is judged to be resistant to rust disease (caused by
Puccinia melanocephala
Syd. and P. Syd.), eye spot disease (caused by
Bipolaris sacchari
(Butl.) Shoemaker), and brown stripe (caused by
Cochliobolus stenospilus
(Drechs.) Mat. and Yam. The new clone is resistant to natural infections of pokkah boeng (caused by
Fusarium moniliforme
Sheldon).
The stalks of the new clone begin to lodge as the crop matures and all are recumbent at time of harvest. The new variety is more recumbent than CL61-620 at harvest. Harvestability is rated as average. The new variety is harvested satisfactorily by the chopper type mechanical harvester currently in use in Florida. This one-row harvester is equipped with break-away crop divider points and scrolls (twin spiral crop dividers) which operate between the rows and direct cane to the throat of the harvester where the base cutters are located. The variety has not exhibited signs of brittleness.
TABLE 1
Productivity of CL83-4266 compared to commercial standard
cultivar CL61-620, on two organic soil types. The data are
expressed as the percentage the new clone was higher or lower
than the standard clone for the production factors.
Yield of 96° sucrose
Tons per
Tons per acre
Clonal
percent cane
acre of
of sucrose
Comparison
Early
1
Late
2
cane
Early
Late
Medium mineral Terra Ceia organic soil
3
CL83-4266 vs.
−5.1%
+0.3%
−3.0%
−7.9%
−3.3%
CL61-620
Low mineral Terra Ceia organic soil
4
CL83-4266 vs.
−1.5%
+6.2%
−3.6%
−4.9%
+2.5%
CL61-620
1
Early determinations during November.
2
Late determinations during January to February.
3
Six replications per clone for two crops (i.e. the same plots were harvested annually for two years).
4
Four replications per clone for three crops (i.e. the same plots were harvested annually for three years).
TABLE 2
Production of new clone CL83-4266 in outfield plots compared
to standard cultivars grown in surrounding fields. The data are
expressed as the percentage the new clone was higher or lower
than the standard cultivar. The outfield plots were several
acres in size and located on various organic soils. Each
comparison is the mean of three plant crops, one successive-
plant crop, and one first-stubble crop.
Yield 96°
Tons
Tons
sucrose,
per acre
per acre
Clonal Comparison
percent cane
of cane
of sucrose
CL83-4266 vs. CL77-797
−2.3%
+11.6%
+8.2%
CL83-4266 vs. CL69-886
+7.4%
+12.5%
+19.8%
REFERENCES:
Holder, D.G., and E.H. Todd [1981] “Registration of CL 61-620 Sugarcane (Reg. No. 53)”,Crop Sci. Soc. Of Am.21:634.
Campell Bruce R.
Para Annette H.
Saliwanchik Lloyd & Saliwanchik
U.S. Sugar Corporation
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