Fluid sprinkling – spraying – and diffusing – Flow deflecting or rotation controlling means – Deflector and terminal flow element
Patent
1998-11-05
2000-11-14
Morris, Lesley D.
Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
Flow deflecting or rotation controlling means
Deflector and terminal flow element
B05B 126
Patent
active
061457590
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a suction-effect radial-discharge funnel-shaped nozzle comprising, in series, an injector to supply a fluid and a spreading cone, whose tip resides in front of a discharge mouth of the said injector, as well as a funnel-shaped housing encasing them.
Nozzles of the type as set forth above serve for dividing, distributing, dispensing and/or dispersing a gas in a fluid e.g. in flotation plants.
A nozzle of the above type is known from EP 0 035 243. The known nozzle is characterized by a convergent-divergent mixing chamber having a constant hydraulic diameter, so that by increasing the circumference a diffuser is created. It is characteristic of the known nozzle that by means thereof no such quantity of gas can be sucked that the ratio of the flows of the fluid and of the sucked gas would be 1 nor is it possible to produce bubbles of a relatively small magnitude (about 150 microns). In practice, all these features of the known nozzle together limit the possibilities of use for the nozzle.
It is an object of the present invention to modify the above-mentioned comparable design of a nozzle so that its sucking characteristics will be altered to result in a significantly broader field of use.
When searching for a solution to improve the characteristics of the funnel-shaped nozzle it was surprisingly found that the suction effect of the nozzle was markedly higher if an annulus between a cone-shaped spreading element and a housing was continuously reduced towards the exit. The reduction of the said annulus was such that the annular flow area along the cone was maintained constant.
As to the term "hydraulic diameter" mentioned above:
A quotient of an area of stream cross section and a wetted perimeter is called hydraulic radius. A hydraulic diameter is a product of four hydraulic radii.
Hereinafter, the invention is disclosed in more detail by means of an embodiment shown in the drawing. In the drawing:
FIG. 1 is partly an elevational axial section and partly an elevational View of the inventive nozzle,
FIG. 2 is a graph of suction effect characteristics, and
FIG. 3 is a graph of nozzle capacities.
Basically, the nozzle is composed of three mutually coaxial component members: a spreading cone 1 having a tip angle of 90.degree., an injector 2 of an inner diameter d for supplying a liquid, and a shaped housing 3 common to both first-mentioned members. A part of the housing 3 residing at the injector 2 together with the latter forms an annulus for supplying a gas, and a part of the housing 3 residing at the cone 1 together with the mantle surface of the latter forms an annulus for discharging the fluid/gas dispersion.
The fundamental feature of the invention i.e. that the flow area of the annulus between the cone 1 and the housing 3 is constant in axial direction, can be carried out according to the invention by a plurality of approaches. In the embodiment shown the cone 1 is an elementary geometrical body so that a spacing of an inner mantle surface of the funnel-shaped part of the housing 3 is defined depending on the mantle surface of the said cone. In the arrangement as shown the said spacing equals D.sub.h at the location where it is smallest i.e. prior to entering a radial gap of the nozzle.
Added to the cone 1 and the housing 3, respectively, are D-diameter flanges that mutually define a radial discharge gap of the nozzle.
Pressurized water is supplied through the injector 2 onto the tip of the cone 1. A low pressure is established in a hole existing between the injector 2, the cone 1 and the housing 3, which results in suction of gas through the housing 3 into the spread flow of the fluid. From here on the fluid and the gas flow in the form of a fluid/gas dispersion.
FIG. 2 diagrammatically shows relations between the Froude numbers (Fr') and the quotients of a gas flow (q.sub.G) and a liquid flow (q.sub.L) more specifically the suction effect characteristics of funnel-shaped nozzles. Line A indicates the characteristics of an embodiment having a constant hydraulic diameter (prior art) a
REFERENCES:
patent: 2393328 (1946-01-01), Mahone
patent: 2543996 (1951-03-01), Turner
patent: 3731876 (1973-05-01), Showalter
patent: 3737105 (1973-06-01), Arnold et al.
patent: 4044079 (1977-08-01), Tveit
patent: 4162971 (1979-07-01), Zlokarnik et al.
patent: 4534862 (1985-08-01), Zlokarnik
Walter et al., "Vergleich von Gegasungs- und Entspannungsflotation bei der Partikelabscheidung aus Emulsionen and Suspensionen", GWF Wasser Abwasser, vol. 136, No. 2, Feb. 1, 1995, pp. 53-61.
Morris Lesley D.
Susa Janez
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