Substrate regenerating biosensor

Details Substrate regenerating biosensor Substrate regenerating biosensor

1993-01-04

1996-03-05

Bell, Bruce F.

Electrolysis: processes, compositions used therein, and methods

Electrolytic analysis or testing

Involving enzyme or micro-organism

435 71, 435 79, 435 792, 436 2, 436109, 436119, 2057805, 205782, G01N 2726, G01N 3353, G01N 3300

Patent

active

054964520

ABSTRACT:
A biosensor for the detection and determination of the concentration of toxins by use of enzyme inhibition. Inhibition biosensors are affected by non-specific denaturation and substrate utilization which both result in a limited operational lifetime. These problems are mitigated by providing in an environment an enzyme which is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide the oxidized enzyme being reduced by an electron transfer agent, such as ferrocene, which is itself oxidized in the process. The electron transfer agent is capable of regeneration back to the reduced state and the extend of electron transfer regeneration gives a measure of enzyme inhibition by toxin. Electro-chemical technique allows for the generation of hydrogen peroxide from oxygen in aqueous media and the reduction of oxidized electron transfer agent. Immobilization of the enzyme to an electrode increases efficiency while potentially reducing denaturation. The biosensor can be used for the environmental determination of toxins like cyanide.

REFERENCES:
patent: 4220503 (1980-09-01), Johnson
patent: 4444880 (1984-04-01), Tom
patent: 5149630 (1992-09-01), Forrest et al.
patent: 5316911 (1994-05-01), Baek et al.
patent: 5320725 (1994-01-01), Gregg et al.
Analytical Chemistry, vol. 62, Nov. 15, 1990 American Chemical Society Smit et al "Cyanide detection using a substrate . . . biosensor" pp. 2429-2436.
Analytical Chemistry, vol. 56, Apr. 1984 American Chemical Society Cass et al "Ferrocene-mediated enzyme electrode . . . glucose" pp. 667-671.
Biosensors & Bioelectronics. vol. 5, 1990 Elsevier Sccience Publishers Albery et al "Inhibited enzyme . . . and HCN" pp. 397-413.*

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