Structure of capsule for rapidly expanding metallic mixture

Details Structure of capsule for rapidly expanding metallic mixture Structure of capsule for rapidly expanding metallic mixture

2002-10-22

2004-07-06

Lee, Wilson (Department: 2821)

Electric lamp and discharge devices

Electrode and shield structures

With lead wire or connector

C102S202500, C102S218000, C313S341000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06759798

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed to a structure of a capsule for a rapidly expanding metallic mixture, capable of easily providing high temperatures required to initiate an oxidation reaction of the metallic mixture, due to high voltage applied from a high voltage generator.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The rapidly expanding metallic mixture used in the present invention was invented by the present inventors, and was patented by Korean Intellectual Property Office (Korean Patent No. 10-0213577).
The rapidly expanding metallic mixture disclosed in Korean Patent No. 10-0213577 can be defined as follows.
In a mixture of a metal salt and a metal powder subjected to a high temperature of 700° C. or more (about 1,500° C.) (as such, temperature to be applied varies with types and mixing ratios of metal salt and metal powder), while the metal salt allows the metal powder to be oxidized, oxidation heat of ultrahigh temperatures (3,000-30,000° C.) is instantaneously generated. When such a reaction is induced in a closed space, superhigh pressure of vaporization expansion (40,000-60,000 kg/cm
2
) is generated due to the oxidation heat. Immediately after such expansion, volume shrinkage occurs. The present inventors confirmed the reaction results through repeated experiments involving the above reaction. In particular, the above reaction readily proceeds upon mixing of the metal salt and the light metal powder.
In this regard, when a mixture of ferric nitrate (Fe(NO
3
)
3
) and manganese (Mn) powder is subjected to a thermal shock of about 1500° C., the following reaction occurs.
2Fe(NO
3
)
3
+12Mn→2FeO+4Mn
3
O
4
+3N
2
In the above reaction, oxidation heat of 10,000° C. or higher is generated, by which iron (Fe) and manganese oxide (Mn
3
O
4
) products are vaporized and rapidly expanded. During vaporization and rapid expansion, a reverse reaction of the above reaction does not occur. When the volume becomes larger due to rapid expansion, internal temperature decreases. As such, iron (Fe) and manganese oxide (Mn
3
O
4
) are changed in state from gas to solid, and expansion pressure disappears instantaneously. According to a Charles' Law related to volume and temperature or a theory of adiabatic expansion, a phenomenon of temperature decrease due to rapid expansion can be explained.
Thus, the rapidly expanding metallic mixture is defined as a mixture comprising the metal salt as an oxidizing agent and the metal powder oxidized at high temperatures of 700° C. or more (about 1,500° C.) by the metal salt.
As such, the generated oxidation heat, which is ultrahigh temperature heat of 3,000-30,000° C., vaporization expands the product after oxidation, thus creating superhigh pressure of 40,000-60,000 kg/cm
2
in the closed space.
Such oxidation reaction and rapid expansion occurring only at such high temperature conditions suggest industrial applicability of the metallic mixture. Hence, the metallic mixture can be substituted for conventionally used dynamite, thus being suitable for use in blasting rock masses in construction works. Compared to dynamite, the metallic mixture of the present invention is much higher in expansion force and shorter in a time period required for oxidation. In addition, immediately after the condition of high temperature is removed by rapid expansion, the vaporization expanded product is changed to the solid state and thus expansion reaction stops. Therefore, there is no scattering of the broken fragments, and explosive sound during rapid expansion is remarkably reduced. The reason why conventional gunpowder and the inventive metallic mixture have different effects is that conventional gunpowder employs oxidation and vaporization of organic materials, whereas the rapidly expanding metallic mixture of the present invention uses oxidation and vaporization of metals. In such conventional gunpowder, even though the internal temperature is decreased after rapid expansion, gas products are not changed again to the solid state and diffused in the gaseous state. So, conventional gunpowder suffers from the disadvantages in terms of scattering many fragments, and creating a loud explosive sound and large explosive vibration. In addition, since typically used gunpowder may be fired even at relatively low temperatures of about 250° C., it should be carefully handled during transport and storage. However, the inventive metallic mixture is advantageous in light of no possibility of accidental explosion during storage and handling of the materials due to the oxidation reaction being generated only at high temperatures not easily applied.
As the above metal salt, metal nitrates are most preferable, but the invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the metal salts are exemplified by metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates, metal sulfates and metal perchlorates. Such a metal salt may be used alone or in combinations thereof. In particular, the metal nitrates may be further added with at least one metal salt selected from among metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal sulfates, and metal perchlorates, to control the temperature required for initiation of oxidation and the time period required for oxidation.
The metal nitrates include, but are not limited to, ferric nitrate (Fe(NO
3
)
3
), copper nitrate (Cu(NO
3
)
2
), barium nitrate (Ba(NO
3
)
2
), manganese nitrate (Mn(NO
3
)
4
), magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO
3
)
2
), potassium nitrate (KNO
3
), sodium nitrate (NaNO
3
), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO
3
)
2
), and combinations thereof.
The metal oxides include, but are not limited to, manganese oxide (Mn
3
O
4
), calcium oxide (CaO), titanium oxide (TiO
2
), manganese dioxide (MnO
2
), chromium oxide (Cr
2
O
3
), ferric oxide (Fe
2
O
3
), triiron tetroxide (Fe
3
O
4
), nickel oxide (NiO), copper oxide (CuO), zinc oxide (ZnO), potassium oxide (K
2
O), sodium oxide (Na
2
O), dinickel trioxide (Ni
2
O
3
), lead oxide (PbO), lithium oxide (Li
2
O), barium oxide (BaO), strontium oxide (SrO), boron oxide (B
2
O
3
), and combinations thereof.
The metal hydroxides include, but are not limited to, lithium hydroxide (LiOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)
2
), barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)
2
), strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)
2
), zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)
2
), ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH)
3
), copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)
2
), nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)
2
), manganese hydroxide (Mn(OH)
3
), chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH)
3
), magnesium hydroxide (MgOH), and combinations thereof.
The metal carbonates include, but are not limited to, lithium carbonate (Li
2
CO
3
), potassium carbonate (K
2
CO
3
), sodium carbonate (Na
2
CO
3
), calcium carbonate (CaCO
3
), barium carbonate (BaCO
3
), strontium carbonate (SrCO
3
), zinc carbonate (ZnCO
3
), ferrous carbonate (FeCO
3
), copper carbonate (CUCO
3
), nickel carbonate (NiCO
3
), manganese carbonate (MnCO
3
), chromium carbonate (CrCO
3
), magnesium carbonate (MgCO
3
), and combinations thereof.
The metal sulfates include, but are not limited to, potassium sulfate (K
2
SO
4
), lithium sulfate (Li
2
SO
4
), sodium sulfate (Na
2
SO
4
), calcium sulfate (CaSO
4
), barium sulfate (BaSO
4
), strontium sulfate (SrSO
4
), zinc sulfate (ZnSO
4
), ferrous sulfate (FeSO
4
), copper sulfate (CuSO
4
), nickel sulfate (NiSO
4
), aluminum sulfate (Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
), manganese sulfate (MnSO
4
), magnesium sulfate (MgSO
4
), chromium sulfate (CrSO
4
), and combinations thereof.
The metal perchlorates include, but are not limited to, potassium perchlorate (KClO
4
), lithium perchlorate (LiClO
4
), sodium perchlorate (NaClO
4
), calcium perchlorate (Ca(ClO
4
)
2
), barium perchlorate (Ba(ClO
4
)
2
), zinc perchlorate (Zn(ClO
4
)
2
), ferrous perchlorate (Fe(ClO
4
)
3
), manganese perchlorate (Mn(ClO
4
)
2
), magnesium perchloratee (Mg(ClO
4
)
2
), and combinations thereof.
The metal powder is preferably selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al) powder, sodium (Na) powder, potassium (K) powder, lithium (Li) powder, magnesium (Mg) powder, calcium (Ca) powder, man

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