Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or... – Involving antigen-antibody binding – specific binding protein...
Patent
1995-08-29
1998-02-10
Housel, James C.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Measuring or testing process involving enzymes or...
Involving antigen-antibody binding, specific binding protein...
424 54, 4241651, G01N 33569
Patent
active
057167923
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a Streptococcus suis adhesin protein, biologically or immunologically active derivatives and fragments thereof, a method for producing the adhesin protein, and an antibody raised against the adhesin protein, or the derivative or fragment thereof. The invention also relates to the use of pigeon ovomucoid or a synthetic derivative in the identification of the adhesin protein. The adhesin protein according to the invention, the derivatives and fragments thereof and their antibodies can be used diagnostically, therapeutically, and prophylactically.
S. suis bacteria (the Lancefield group D) are known to cause meningitis, pneumonia, arthritis and sepsis in pigs. S. suis type 1 causes mainly septicemia and meningitis in newborn pigs, while type 2 causes meningitis in pigs about 3 to 10 weeks in age, and may also be infectious to humans. There are at least 29 capsular types identified, many of which cause disease in pigs. Concentration of pig breeding and increasing animal densities facilitate the spreading of infections, and infectious diseases caused by S. suis become more common. For this reason, the development of a diagnostic technique and a vaccine is of vital importance in the identification and prevention of meningitis and other serious infections. Selective preventive measures directed to pig breeders may also be possible.
2. Prior art
The first event in the establishment of an infectious disease is the adhesion of bacteria to the surface of host cells (Beachey, E. H. (1981) J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325-345). The adhesion of bacteria is often mediated by an adhesin protein which occurs on the bacterial surface and adheres specifically to cell surface receptor structures. As a consequence, adhesin is well-suited for the development of a vaccine as the antibodies are directed specifically against a factor necessary for the bacterium; in addition, the specificity allows detrimental side effects to be avoided.
A wide variety of adhesins are known, but in many cases their exact structure and mechanism still remain unknown. They are proteins that recognize the receptors of the host cell specifically, the receptors being usually carbohydrate structures. Various bacterial adhesins and carbohydrate structures recognized by them are described e.g. in Sharon, N., (1987) FEBS Letters, 217, 145-157.
E. coli and many other gram negative bacteria adhere to specific molecules on the surface of the host cell by lectin-like bacterial adhesins. Usual adhesin receptors include the sugar components of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Adhesins are often attached to hair-like structures called fimbriae (pili) on the surface of the bacterial cell. There are many different types of fimbriae; they vary with respect to both structure and sugar specificity.
As there are often bacterial receptor structures on erythrocytes, bacteria adhere to these structures and agglutinate erythrocytes in vitro. Bacterial cultures may express three or four hemagglutinins (adhesins), each having a different binding specificity. Accordingly, the bacterium is capable of adhering to various cell types.
In enterobacteria studies, adhesion reactions are divided into two main classes: mannose sensitive (MS) reactions in which the hemagglutination reaction is inhibited by .alpha.-mannosides, and mannose resistant (MR) reactions in which the hemagglutination cannot be inhibited by .alpha.-mannosides. E. coli type 1 fimbriae (MS structure) consists almost solely of identical 17 kDa subunits. Several MR adhesins recognize an .alpha.-Gal(1-4)-.beta.-Gal structure (P-specific adhesin) or an .alpha.-NeuNAc-(2-3)-.beta.-Gal structure (S-specific adhesin). In general, purified fimbriae consist of subunits having a molecular weight varying between 15 and 22 kDa.
Adhesin protein is usually a distinct protein attached to the tips or sides of the fimbriae; it may also be attached directly to the outer membrane of the bacterium. In certain bacterial strains the surface of the bacterial cell contains adhesin protei
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Finne Jukka
Tikkanen Kaarina
Housel James C.
Portner Ginny Allen
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