Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology – Micro-organism – per se ; compositions thereof; proces of... – Bacteria or actinomycetales; media therefor
Patent
1994-10-07
1996-03-05
Lilling, Herbert J.
Chemistry: molecular biology and microbiology
Micro-organism, per se ; compositions thereof; proces of...
Bacteria or actinomycetales; media therefor
435281, 435822, C12N 112
Patent
active
054967236
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates in general to microbiology and more specifically to novel strains of Acinetobacter species (bicoccum), Arthrobacter species, and Rhodococcus species and to a method for biological purification from oil spills and pollutions, using said strains.
The strains mentioned before can find widespread application in environmental restoration of ecological conditions in oil-producing areas and areas where oil products are handled, as well as for recultivation of land and clearing of water ponds and basins.
BACKGROUND ART
Ecological violations of the natural environmental conditions caused by oil spillage at the places of its production, storage, transportations, processing, and utilization become still more and more widespread. According to the data of world literature, up to 10 mln tons of oil area annually discharged in seas and oceans the world over only due to wrecks of tankers. Such emergency oil discharges are causative of perishing the living organisms constituting the ecosystem, while restoration of its integrity involves initiation of the hydrocarbon destruction process. Thousands of hectares of fertile soils and pastures are brought out of agricultural use in the oil-producing regions, fishery ponds and pot water supply sources are polluted. Cleaning of tanker tanks after oil handling is also an important problem.
There are encountered a plurality of diverse groups of microorganisms feeding on petroleum hydrocarbons. However, cleaning capacities of said microorganisms as to time and degree of cleaning are quite unsatisfactory, especially in cases of intensive pollution of soil and water.
There are used currently a number of diverse methods and processes for cleaning oil pollutions, a special place among them being occupied by biological treatment methods. Such methods involve use of microorganisms, bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
Known in the present state of the art is the use of the naturally occurring strain of Pseudomanas putide-36 in a method for soil cleaning of oil pollutions (SU, A, 1,428,809). According to the method, purification is performed by introducing the biomass of the bacterial culture of said strain into oil pollution. The bacterial culture is introduced along with a mineral fertilizer, containing nitrogen in the nitrate form. The minimum concentration of the culture inserted is 10.sup.4 cells per mg per liter with the consumption rate of the aqueous mixture of from 0.5 to 1 l per sq. m.
The method enables soil to be purified of oil pollutions. However, the bacterial culture used is grown on a scarce feeding carbohydrate substrate, which is not an optimum one because the enzymes engaged in its oxidation are other than the oil destructing enzymes. This results in a reduced purification intensity due to adaptation of the culture to the new substrate. In addition, said strain of Pseudomonas putida-36 features hemolytic and gelatinase activity, which prevents the development of the self-cleaning process with the aid of microorganisms.
The degree of purification attainable by said method is but inadequately high. The method has a limited application being suitable only for soil purification. Moreover, use of the nitrate forms of nitrogen involved in this method results in additional contamination of the environment with toxic nitrate-ions.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
It is primary and essential object of the invention to provide, by selection and using novel strains, such a biological method for purification from oil pollutions and spills that makes it possible to purify diverse polluted objects with a high intensity and high degree of purification, without affecting the environmental ecological conditions.
The foregoing object is accomplished due to the fact that, according to the invention, disclosed herein are novel strains of Acinetobacter species (bicoccum) B-6445, Arthrobacter species S-1212, and Rhodococcus special S-1213 deposed on Jan. 19, 1993 in the All-Union collection of industrial microorganisms at the All-Union Research Institute
REFERENCES:
patent: 3069325 (1962-12-01), Hitzman
patent: 3871957 (1975-03-01), Mohan et al.
patent: 4415661 (1983-11-01), Thirumalachar
patent: 4415662 (1983-11-01), Thirumalachar
patent: 4605502 (1986-08-01), Hata
patent: 4808535 (1989-02-01), Isbister
Biotech Abstract 83-07460 Neufeld et al J. Ferment. Technol (1983) vol. 61, No. 3 pp. 315-321.
Murzakov Boris G.
Rogacheva Rufina A.
Semenova Elena V.
Zaikina Alexandra I.
Lilling Herbert J.
Murzakov Boris G.
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