Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants...
Patent
1988-01-22
1991-05-28
Warden, Robert J.
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
Including heat exchanger for reaction chamber or reactants...
422148, 422192, 422193, 422194, 422198, 422200, B01J 804, F28D 100
Patent
active
050193562
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The presently described invention provides an apparatus for the execution of endothermic catalyzed reactions between gaseous reactants at heightened temperature and increased pressure, with internal heat recovery and energy supply. The invention further describes a process for producing a hydrogen-rich gas by utilizing the apparatus. The H.sub.2 -gas obtained may be used in NH.sub.3 -and/or CH.sub.3 OH-synthesis.
The process carried out in the inventive apparatus is known per se. It is the catalyzed reaction of hydrocarbons and steam at temperatures of over 850 K and at increased pressure to a gas mixture containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide , the process is known as "steam reforming".
The reaction may be represented by the general formula: CO.sub.2 +. . . endothermic, i.e. for the attainment of a high yield, heat-energy has to be supplied from outside.
In most of the known steam reformers the feed substances are fed into tubes filled with catalytic material. The tubes are arranged in a furnace and are heated by direct flame-firing through a number of burners.
As actual heat-recovery from reaction products to feed substances within the furnace is neither foreseen nor realized in known steam reformers.
Steam reformers with elecrical heating are also known:
GB patent No. 866 085 teaches a process for the decomposition of hydrocarbons under addition of stream to hydrogen and carbon monoxide. According to the GB patent steam of about 383 k is produced in boiler 5 by utilizing the heat-energy from an exothermic, external reaction. The steam is heated by heat exchange to about 673 K and mixed with hydrocarbon-vapours and/or -gases of the same temperature.
This mixture is then fed into reactor 4 and heated to reaction temperature (about 1223 K) by means of electrical induction heating. The hot reaction products are then used, outside the reactor 4 in a special heat exchanger, to produce the above mentioned steam.
The heat energy is added, as shown before, at low temperature levels. The plant to implement the above conversions encompasses at least three apparatus: products to feed compounds occurs, evaporation of water and for the heating of steam to about 383 K and temperatures.
The plant consisting of different and separated apparatus, it is evident that, compared to an all-in-one-apparatus, it must be of a much more complex construction.
The reforming furnace according to DE Offenlegungsschrift No. 2 809 126 utilizes the heat-energy in the cooling medium of a High Temperature Helium Cooled Reactor (HTHR) and, additionally, electrical heat, to convert gaseous hydrocarbons and steam to hydrogen and carbon oxides, The structure is suited for high temperature but not for elevated pressure (compensators for dilatation, exchangeable containers for catalysts).
EP, Publ. No. 0 020 358, teaches an ordinary electro-reformer, with a reactor having an inside thermal isolation and the catalyst placed in the tubes. In the same tubes within, the catalytic mass, are placed the electric heating elements.
In clear technical distinction therefrom the inventive apparatus shows a stream reformer with inner cooling of the container wall by the feed substances, with internal heat recovery and with thermodynamically and process-technologically advantageous arrangements of the catalyst and the heating device. All components can be installed in a pressure vessel, which allows the process to proceed at elevated pressure, a very important requirement in the hydrogen-technology. The heating element can be an electrical heating device or a burner.
The process for obtaining hydrogen-rich gas, carried out in the inventive apparatus, may be adapted to a wide range of feed substances, i.e. to different hydrocarbons, air, air-oxygen mixtures; further the different reactions are easily controlled.
The apparatus for the execution of endothermic reactions between gaseous reactants at heightened temperature and increased pressure, with internal heat recovery from reaction products to feed substances, with catalysis and heat supply, according to t
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John H. Perry, Chemical Engineer' Handbook, Chemical Engineering Series, 1950, p. 350.
Norbert A. Lange, PhD., Handbood of Chemistry, 1961, pp. 1578-1579.
Santiago Amalia L.
Warden Robert J.
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