Sugar – starch – and carbohydrates – Processes – Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
Patent
1994-05-25
1996-04-02
Lieberman, Paul
Sugar, starch, and carbohydrates
Processes
Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
127 32, 127 55, 127 70, 127 71, 106210, C08B 3000, C08B 3012, C13D 312, C09D 400
Patent
active
055036805
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention is directed to a stabilized starch, use of the stabilized starch and methods for producing it.
As a natural and inexpensive raw material, starch has many industrial uses. In addition to the use of starch in the foodstuffs industry, e.g., for fabricating starch sugar, glucose syrup, dextrin, puddings, potato sago and licorice, starch is used in the production of pastes and glues, as paper additives, e.g. as sizes for paper, as thickening agents for printing inks and as soap additives. Further, starch products, as natural polymers, are combined with synthetic polymers to improve their characteristics. However, in so doing, the mechanical properties of the synthetic polymers are disadvantageously impaired by combining with starch. Moreover, starch decomposes in its monosaccharides at high temperatures so that it is only possible to use copolymers formed from synthetic polymers and starch at temperatures below approximately 190.degree. C. In addition, starch has a relatively low resistance to chemicals, which causes problems in the industrial use of starch.
The object of the invention is to provide a stabilized starch which has a high thermal, mechanical and chemical stability and can be used in many ways. Further, the invention also has the object of providing methods for the production of stabilized starch which can be carried out easily and quickly.
The object upon which the invention is based is met in that the stabilized starch is formed from a substrate of starch which is surrounded by a protective layer of inorganic metal compounds.
By starch is meant amylose or amylopectin or a mixture of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is unbranched and contains on the average 300 glucopyranose molecules. Amylopectin is composed of branched macromolecules with over a thousand glucose molecules. Rice starch, potato starch, wheat starch, and preferably maize or corn starch can be used as a mixture of amylose and amylopectin. Rice starch, potato starch, wheat starch and corn starch are generally composed of 20 to 30% amylose and 70 to 80% amylopectin. Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal phosphates, metal sulfides or metal carbonates, for example, can be used as inorganic metal compounds. Surprisingly, it has now been shown that the stabilized starch achieves high thermal, mechanical and chemical resistance as a result of the protective layer without modification of the polymer structure of the starch. The porosity, coarseness, absorption capacity and dispersion capacity of the stabilized starch can be adapted to a relatively great number of applications in an advantageous manner through the selection of the material of the protective layer and selection of the thickness of the protective layer.
In a preferred form of the invention, TiO.sub.2 or TiO(OH).sub.2 or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.6 or FeO or Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 or Fe(OH).sub.3 or ZnO or ZnO(OH).sub.2 or ZnS or ZrO.sub.2 or Zr(OH).sub.4 or ZrO(OH).sub.2 or MgO or Mg(OH.sub.2 or SnO.sub.2 or Sn(OH).sub.4 or SiO.sub.2 or BaSO.sub.4 or Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 or mixtures thereof are used as inorganic metal compounds. A high dispersion capacity of the stabilized starch in plastics is achieved by this step.
Another preferred form of the invention consists in that the proportion of the protective layer on the stabilized starch is 0.5 to 40 percent by weight. A particularly high mechanical stability of the starch is achieved by this step.
According to another form of the invention, the proportion of the protective layer on the stabilized starch is 1 to 30 percent by weight. The stabilized starch accordingly has a relatively high thermal stability and the proportion of the protective layer on the stabilized starch is relatively small so that the price of the stabilized starch can be kept low without negatively affecting the quality of the stabilized starch.
The object upon which the invention is based is met also in a method for producing stabilized starch in which an aqueous starch suspension with a starch concentration of 5 to 50% is mixed with an aque
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Amirzadeh-Asl Djamschid
Griebler Wolf-dieter
Hailey Patricia L.
Lieberman Paul
Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft
Striker Michael J.
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