Compositions – Textile processing aid compositions – or processes of preparing – For textile materials consisting wholly or in part of...
Patent
1996-08-23
1997-11-04
Green, Anthony
Compositions
Textile processing aid compositions, or processes of preparing
For textile materials consisting wholly or in part of...
252 881, 252100, 252104, 81156, 427394, D06M 13165
Patent
active
056836120
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to spin finishes for synthetic filament fibers which, by virtue of their content of special polyether carbonates as lubricants, are distinguished by ready biodegradability and low coefficients of friction.
2. Statement of Related Art
Immediately after the filament-forming process, synthetic manmade fibers are provided with finishes which are essential for the further processing of the fibers. The finishes in question, which are generally known as spin finishes, provide the filaments with the necessary surface-slip properties not only between the filaments themselves, but also between the filaments and the guide elements of the spinning machines. In addition, spin finishes should generally satisfy the following requirements: filament compactness, antistatic effect, thorough wetting of the filament, heat resistance, no metal corrosion, no deposits on stretching and texturing elements, ready removability from the fiber and physiological harmlessness. Since the spin finishes can enter the wastewater after removal from the fiber, for example before dyeing, it is also desirable that they and, above all, the lubricants present in them in large quantities should be readily biodegradable.
The lubricants in the spin finishes are intended above all to provide the filaments with the necessary surface-slip properties. In addition, the lubricants are required to be heat-resistant, non-corrosive, readily removable from the fiber and physiologically safe in order to meet the requirements spin finishes are expected to satisfy. Typical lubricants for spin finishes are vegetable, animal and mineral oils or even synthetic esters, silicones, polyethers, ethoxylated fatty acids and the like (cf. Ullmann's Encyclopadie der technischen Chemie, Vol. 23, pages 7-9, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1983).
In addition, spin finishes for synthetic filament fibers are expected to be capable of withstanding the high temperatures encountered in the texturing of polyester and polyamide fibers. Accordingly, so-called heat-resistant ester oils are often used as lubricants in such spin finishes. These heat-resistant ester oils are understood to be esters of higher fatty acids with long-chain fatty alcohols.
Instead of the heat-resistant ester oils, block copolymers of polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide known to the expert as "Pluronics" are also used. Pluronics are capable of completely depolymerizing at relatively high temperatures. This is a particular advantage so far as texturing is concerned because deposits on filaments and texturing elements are avoided. However, the disadvantage is that fragments of the Pluronics, for example aldehydes, escape into the atmosphere during texturing which can be harmful both to man and to his environment. In addition, Pluronics have the serious disadvantage that they are not biodegradable.
German patent application DE-A-41 13 889 describes water-soluble biodegradable polycarbonates essentially containing carbon atoms and they are in need of improvement, particularly in regard to their lubricating properties at the relatively high speeds encountered in the machine processing of synthetic filaments.
European patent application EP-A-421 298 describes lubricant compositions which contain carbonic acid polyol esters and which are distinguished by their lubricating effect and by minimal fume emission. Industrial transmission oils, engine oils, lubricants for refrigerators and lubricants for fibers are mentioned as applications. The invention is particularly directed to CFC-containing lubricant compositions for refrigerators.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,000 describes polycarbonates of a lower alcohol and one or more polyoxyalkylene blocks which may be used as lubricants for spin finishes. Although these polycarbonates show excellent solubility in water, their lubricating properties need improving.
EP-A-146 234 describes polycarbonates which may be prepared by decarboxylation of alcohols with cyclic carbonates and subsequently alkoxylated. They ar
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Bialas Norbert
Birnbrich Paul
Eicken Ulrich
Mathis Raymond
Green Anthony
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Millson Jr. Henry E.
Szoke Ernest G.
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