Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Fermentate of unknown chemical structure – Having a known elemental analysis
Patent
1987-05-22
1989-02-14
Rosen, Sam
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Fermentate of unknown chemical structure
Having a known elemental analysis
435 2, A61K 3548
Patent
active
048045373
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to an improved in vitro process for the selection of motile sperm from a fluid sample, for instance an ejaculate. The invention comprises also an improved means for said selection process.
Involuntary childlessness is a great problem for those concerned; much work is therefore dedicated to exploring the causes of that condition. As far as the male partner is concerned, attention is chiefly directed to the quality of the sperm sample in respect of sperm concentration in the ejaculate, and to sperm cell morphology and motility. It appears that among these criteria sperm concentration is the one that has been relied on more than the others in the common routines for fertility status assessments. A fresh ejaculate will normally exhibit a broad spectrum of motilities of different sperm cells, comprising the entire range from cells having excellent motility properties and moving fast in a forward direction, down to sperm cells characterized by erratic movements or total immobility. Therefore, fertility assessments based only on the number of sperm cells present in a given volume of fluid will not be reliable; a qualitative analysis of sperm motility provides a far better basis for male fertility evaluation. Sperm movement velocities and relative proportions of motile sperm in a sperm sample have been studied by means of numerous methods, e.g. Kremer's (Int. J. Fertil. 10/1965/, p. 209-215), see also for example L. Blasco in Fertility and Sterility 41(1984) p. 177-192. These and other articles describe attempts made to investigate the ability of sperm to penetrate cervical mucus. In these experiments cervical mucus is aspirated into a capillary tube sealed at one end, whereupon the other end is contacted with seminal fluid (optionally diluted) or with a suspension of sperm cells isolated from seminal fluid. After a suitable period of time the tubes are studied in a microscope, and the number of sperm that have penetrated the mucus medium is evaluated. It is difficult however to standardize a test of this type because the quality of the cervical mucus will vary from female to female and even in the same female during various periods of the menstrual cycle. Moreover cervical mucus samples are hard to come by and contain components which make them unsuitable for in vitro methods. Cervical mucus samples have poor storage properties, are difficult to sterilize and involve a hazard in respect of transmission of contagious agents.
To avoid the drawbacks of the natural penetration medium for sperm (i.e. the cervical mucus), substitutes therefore have come into use which consist of solutions of various substances in water. In the following description and in the claims such a substitute will be referred to as "aqueous artificial penetration medium for sperm" (or simply "penetration medium" or "medium") as in contrast to the aforesaid natural penetration medium for sperm. Various types of such artificial media have been described heretofore. Physiological salt solutions employed for this purpose have contained low molecular substances and sometimes also macromolecular substances like for instance albumin. Such solutions are given pH values within a range suitable for and physiologically acceptable to sperm (e.g. by means of adding a physiologically acceptable buffer), and they may contain substances physiologically acceptable to sperm such as e.g. salts, nutrients, activating substances, substances exerting an influence on capacitation, trace elements etc. Examples of these are substances occurring in blood plasma och blood serum (serum being a suitable additive to such media). It is also possible by means of additives to control the osmotic pressure of the solutions so as to obtain values suitable for sperm. The solutions may also contain additives preventing microorganism growth in the medium, such as e.g. antibiotics. There is a comprehensive literature describing suitable solutions in which sperm are able to survive and to retain their motility and fertilizing capacity, these solutions bei
REFERENCES:
patent: 4007087 (1977-02-01), Ericsson
patent: 4327177 (1982-04-01), Shrimpton
Pola Chemical-Chem. Abst. vol. 94 (1981), p. 109,088b.
Kurbatov-Chem. Abst., vol. 87 (1977) p. 2774a
Pola Chemical-Chem. Abst. vol. 94, (1981), p. 109,091x.
Bergman Per O.
Ingelman Bjorn G.
Steen Yvonne M.
Pharmacia AB
Philpitt Fred
Rosen Sam
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