Chemistry: electrical and wave energy – Processes and products – Electrostatic field or electrical discharge
Patent
1990-05-07
1991-09-24
Niebling, John F.
Chemistry: electrical and wave energy
Processes and products
Electrostatic field or electrical discharge
204283, 204295, 204296, 204279, 429 10, 429142, 429254, 42218601, B23H 300
Patent
active
050511572
ABSTRACT:
An ion-permeable spacer is provided for an electrochemical apparatus. The spacer comprises a perforated or ion-permeable, relatively-thin, synthetic plastic material sheet having two opposed faces and having a plurality of magnets completely embedded in both opposed faces thereof and including at least four vertically-upwardly slanting slits extending at an upwardly-sloping angle along each of the two opposed faces and also extending transversely through the spacer between the two opposed faces, the slits having a particularly defined width and disposed at a particular angle, thereby to provide greater combined flow and mixing of electrolyte through the spacer.
REFERENCES:
patent: 3597278 (1971-08-01), von Brimer
patent: 3890224 (1975-06-01), Weiss et al.
patent: 4260874 (1981-04-01), Will
Eklund et al., "Visualization of the Concentration Profiles in the Lead Acid Battery by Moire and Multiple Beam Interferometry", Journal of the Electrochem. Soc., Oct. 1990, pp. 1-6.
O'Brien et al., "Electrochemical Hydrodynamics in a Magnetic Field With Laser Interferometry, Influence of Paramagnetic Ions", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 20, 1990, pp. 427-437.
O'Brien et al., "Pulsed Electrodeposition of Zinc in Magnetic Fields: Diffusion Layer Relaxation Followed by Laser Interferometry", Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 20, 1990, pp. 781-785.
O'Brien et al., "On the Hydrodynamics of the Polarographic Maxima of the First Kind"; Canadian Journal of Chemistry; vol. 54, No. 3; 1976; pp. 402-410.
O'Brien Robert N.
Santhanam Kalathur S. V.
Gorgos Kathryn
Niebling John F.
University of Victoria
Weiss Harry M.
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