Stock material or miscellaneous articles – Hollow or container type article – Glass – ceramic – or sintered – fused – fired – or calcined metal...
Patent
1994-09-12
1996-05-07
Sellers, Robert E.
Stock material or miscellaneous articles
Hollow or container type article
Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal...
156109, 527861, 5278611, 5278613, C06B 324, C06B 326, C06B 328
Patent
active
055144284
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
Glass panes are considered to be safety glass which if fractured do not lead to any substantial injuries. So-called single pane safety glass, also termed toughened glass, and two-pane glass have long been in existence as safety glass.
In the case of the former protection against injury is possible because the glass has been subjected to heat treatment producing pretension so that on fracture it breaks down into a multiplicity of small, blunt fragments incapable of causing injuries. Composite safety glass is made up of two sheets of glass with a plastic film therebetween which bonds the two glass sheets together. The protection against injury is provided because when the glass sheets fracture the resulting sharp glass fragments remain adhering to the bonding layer.
Such monolithic sheet has a high heat transition coefficient or k coefficient of almost 6.0 W/m.sup.2 K. Only an adjacent air cushion is able to reduce this high heat transition coefficient. To this extent safety glass, which has to perform a thermal insulating function, normally necessitates a two sheet structure along the lines of an insulating glass element.
An insulating glass element composed of safety glass is expensive, more particularly when composite glass is employed, something which is desirable in the case of insulating glass for glazing in facades and roofs at least for the pane bordering on the room. In the case of the use of single pane safety glass there is a danger of injury on fracture owing to a shower of falling glass crumbs which are frequently still held together as clumps. Therefore in the case of insulating glass elements for glazing roofs, if employed at all, such glass is only arranged on the outside.
In the case of the use of thermal insulating glass with a safety function for facade glazing and as a glazing structure for roofs the weight of the glass is more particularly a problem. Massive, expensive supporting and frame structures are necessary. In the case of glass thicknesses of 5 to 6 mm of each individual sheet an insulating glass element will have a weight of 25 to 30 kg/m.sup.2.
The German patent publications DE 1,073,164 B and 7,315,974 U disclose insulating glass with foam bodies filling the intermediate space and, respectively, sheets of hollow glass or plastic fibers arranged parallel to the covering glass surfaces. Owing to a reduction of thermal conduction by convection such interlayers increase the insulating effect and simultaneously serve to prevent dazzle because of the scattering of light. Such elements do not have any safety properties. The interlayers are fragile in structure. They are hardly in a position of transferring forces from the one cover sheet to the other one. Furthermore, there is no force transmitting connection with the cover sheet.
The German patent publication DE 3,432,761 discloses an insulating glass element which is more particularly to have safety glass properties. This is to be achieved by a connection of one or both glass sheets with a transparent, fragment binding plastic layer. However owing to the coarse, thin-walled foam material interlayer of low rigidity and of organic material this insulating glass structure lacks both the structural strength and rigidity necessary for roof and facade glazing and also the resistance to aging. Thus more particularly in the case of the employment of weight reducing thin glass, which is so advantageous, such elements are neither suitable to withstand heavy roof loads nor to span large distances.
Having regard to the lack of structural strength and of inherent stability of the foam material interlayer there is furthermore a lack of sufficient resistance to penetrating forces. Such glass elements are unable to offer sufficient resistance to the impact of massive falling bodies, this constituting a disadvantage for roof and facade glazing arrangements. Owing to the insufficient resistance to falling bodies of the interlayer there is furthermore no guarantee of sufficient resistance to persons attempting to break into or out of a building.
The
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Klindt/Klein, "Glas als Baustoff" (1977).
Ferguson Jr. Gerald J.
Sellers Robert E.
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