Pulse or digital communications – Receivers – Interference or noise reduction
Reexamination Certificate
1998-12-03
2003-11-04
Corrielus, Jean B. (Department: 2631)
Pulse or digital communications
Receivers
Interference or noise reduction
C375S349000, C375S224000, C375S340000, C455S226100
Reexamination Certificate
active
06643338
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) for a communication system and more particularly to space time block coded transmit antenna diversity for WCDMA.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Present code division multiple access (CDMA) systems are characterized by simultaneous transmission of different data signals over a common channel by assigning each signal a unique code. This unique code is matched with a code of a selected receiver to determine the proper recipient of a data signal. These different data signals arrive at the receiver via multiple paths due to ground clutter and unpredictable signal reflection. Additive effects of these multiple data signals at the receiver may result in significant fading or variation in received signal strength. In general, this fading due to multiple data paths may be diminished by spreading the transmitted energy over a wide bandwidth. This wide bandwidth results in greatly reduced fading compared to narrow band transmission modes such as frequency division multiple access (FDMA) or time division multiple access (TDMA).
New standards are continually emerging for next generation wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) communication systems as described in Provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 60/082,671, filed Apr. 22, 1998, and incorporated herein by reference. These WCDMA systems are coherent communications systems with pilot symbol assisted channel estimation schemes. These pilot symbols are transmitted as quadrature phase shift keyed (QPSK) known data in predetermined time frames to any receivers within range. The frames may propagate in a discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode. For voice traffic, transmission of user data occurs when the user speaks, but no data symbol transmission occurs when the user is silent. Similarly for packet data, the user data may be transmitted only when packets are ready to be sent. The frames include pilot symbols as well as other control symbols such as transmit power control (TPC) symbols and rate information (RI) symbols. These control symbols include multiple bits otherwise known as chips to distinguish them from data bits. The chip transmission time (T
C
), therefore, is equal to the symbol time rate (T) divided by the number of chips in the symbol (N).
Previous studies have shown that multiple transmit antennas may improve reception by increasing transmit diversity for narrow band communication systems. In their paper
New Detection Schemes for Transmit Diversity with no Channel Estimation
, Tarokh et al. describe such a transmit diversity scheme for a TDMA system. The same concept is described in
A Simple Transmitter Diversity Technique for Wireless Communications
by Alamouti. Tarokh et al. and Alamouti, however, fail to teach such a transmit diversity scheme for a WCDMA communication system.
Other studies have investigated open loop transmit diversity schemes such as orthogonal transmit diversity (OTD) and time switched time diversity (TSTD) for WCDMA systems. Both OTD and TSTD systems have similar performance. Both use multiple transmit antennas to provide some diversity against fading, particularly at low Doppler rates and when there are insufficient paths for the rake receiver. Both OTD and TSTD systems, however, fail to exploit the extra path diversity that is possible for open loop systems. For example, the OTD encoder circuit of
FIG. 5
receives symbols S
1
and S
2
on lead
500
and produces output signals on leads
504
and
506
for transmission by first and second antennas, respectively. These transmitted signals are received by a despreader input circuit (FIG.
6
). The input circuit receives the i
th
of N chip signals per symbol together with noise along the j
th
of L multiple signal paths at a time &tgr;
j
after transmission. Both here and in the following text, noise terms are omitted for simplicity. This received signal r
j
(i+&tgr;
j
) at lead
600
is multiplied by a channel orthogonal code signal C
m
(i+&tgr;
j
) that is unique to the receiver at lead
604
. Each chip signal is summed over a respective symbol time by circuit
608
and produced as first and second output signals R
j
1
and R
j
2
on leads
612
and
614
as in equations [1-2], respectively. Delay circuit
610
provides a one-symbol delay T so that the output signals are produced simultaneously.
R
j
1
=
∑
i
=
0
N
-
1
r
j
(
i
+
τ
j
)
=
α
j
1
S
1
+
α
j
2
S
2
[
1
]
R
j
2
=
∑
i
=
N
2
N
-
1
r
j
(
i
+
τ
j
)
=
α
j
1
S
1
-
α
j
2
S
2
[
2
]
The OTD phase correction circuit of
FIG. 7
receives the signals R
j
1
and R
j
2
as input signals corresponding to the j
th
of L multiple signal paths. The phase correction circuit produces soft outputs or signal estimates SI and S2 for symbols S
1
and S
2
at leads
716
and
718
as shown in equations [3-4], respectively.
S
_
1
=
∑
j
=
1
L
(
R
j
1
+
R
j
2
)
α
j
1
*
=
∑
j
=
1
L
2
&LeftBracketingBar;
α
j
1
&RightBracketingBar;
2
S
1
[
3
]
S
_
2
=
∑
j
=
1
L
(
R
j
1
-
R
j
2
)
α
j
2
*
=
∑
j
=
1
L
2
&LeftBracketingBar;
α
j
2
&RightBracketingBar;
2
S
1
[
4
]
Equations [3-4] show that the OTD method provides a single channel estimate &agr; for each path j. A similar analysis for the TSTD system yields the same result. The OTD and TSTD methods, therefore, are limited to a path diversity of L. This path diversity limitation fails to exploit the extra path diversity that is possible for open loop systems as will be explained in detail.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
These problems are resolved by a mobile communication system comprising an input circuit coupled to receive a first plurality of signals during a first time from an external source and coupled to receive a second plurality of signals during a second time from the external source. The input circuit receives each of the first and second plurality of signals along respective first and second paths. The input circuit produces a first input signal and a second input signal from the respective first and second plurality of signals. A correction circuit is coupled to receive a first estimate signal, a second estimate signal and the first and second input signals. The correction circuit produces a first symbol estimate in response to the first and second estimate signals and the first and second input signals. The correction circuit produces a second symbol estimate in response to the first and second estimate signals and the first and second input signals.
The present invention improves reception by providing at least 2L diversity over time and space. No additional transmit power or bandwidth is required. Power is balanced across multiple antennas.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5228054 (1993-07-01), Rueth et al.
patent: 5581580 (1996-12-01), Lindbom et al.
patent: 5737327 (1998-04-01), Ling et al.
patent: 5912931 (1999-06-01), Matsumoto et al.
patent: 6137843 (2000-10-01), Chennakeshu et al.
patent: 6185258 (2001-02-01), Alamouti et al.
patent: WO 99/14871 (1999-03-01), None
patent: WO 99/23766 (1999-05-01), None
patent: WO 00/14921 (2000-03-01), None
“Report On FPLMTS Radio Transmission Technology Special Group”, (Round 2 Activity Report),Association of Radio Industries and Business(ARIB),FPLMTS Study Committee, Draft Version E1.1, Jan. 10, 1997, 224 pages.
“Proposed Wideband CDMA(W-CDMA)”,Association of Radio Industries and Businesses(ARIB), Japan, 01/97, 213 pages.
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 60/099,212, Arthur R. Calderbank et al., filed Sep. 4, 1998.
Dabak Anand G.
Negi Rohit
Brady III Wade James
Corrielus Jean B.
Neerings Ronald O.
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