Refrigeration – Refrigeration producer – Sorbent type
Patent
1998-04-14
2000-10-10
Bennett, Henry
Refrigeration
Refrigeration producer
Sorbent type
62483, 62489, F25B 1500
Patent
active
061289175
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a heat absorption conversion system, termed sorption system for short below, which is used in single- or multistage designs as a refrigeration machine, heat pump and heat transformer or combinations of these for the generation of cold and/or heat (G. Alefeld, R. Radermacher: Heat Conversion Systems, CRC Press, Boca Raton (1994)). Heat absorption conversion systems are also described in Niebergall, W: Handbuch der Kaltetechnik [Refrigeration Engineering Manual], Volume 7, Sorptionskaltemaschinen [Sorption Refrigeration Machines], Springer Berlin N.Y., reprint (1981), and in H. v. Cube, F. Steimle: Warmepumpen [heat pumps], VDI-Verlag Dusseldorf (1984). A critical factor for performance data of the sorption system is the sum of all reciprocal heat transfer coefficients at the main components used: evaporator, absorber, condenser, generator, desorper, resorber (P. Riesch, G. Alefeld, DKV-Tagungsberichte [Symposium Reports], Volume 17, Heidelberg, pp.569 ff (1990)). The absorber and resorber, in particular, require relatively large heat-exchange surfaces due to the poor mass transfer in absorption. In this case, turbulence in the solution is of great importance for thorough mixing of the solution and thus for the mass transfer and heat exchange in the absorber or resorber, just as in the case of boiling in the evaporator, generator or desorber. Turbulence in mass transfer and heat exchange is achieved by high energy exchange per unit area of heat exchanger, ie by high loads per unit area. Below, the generic term absorption heat exchanger is taken to mean diabatic, ie cooled absorbers and resorbers, such as trickle absorbers, also termed falling-film absorbers, equipped with, for example, tube-bundle or plate heat exchangers, immersion absorbers, also termed bubble absorbers, equipped with, for example, pipe-coil or plate heat exchangers, etc. (see, for example, Niebergall, W: Handbuch der Kaltetechnik [Refrigeration Engineering Manual], Volume 7, Sorptionskaltemaschinen [Sorption Refrigeration Machines], Springer Berlin N. Y., reprint (1981), pp. 379 ff).
It is known that the heat transfer in absorption heat exchangers may be enhanced, for example, by structured tubes (N. Isshiki, K. Ogawa, Proc. Munich Discussion Meeting on Absorption Heat Transfer Enhancement (1994)) or by additives, for example by Octanol (Y. Nagaoka et al., Proc. XVII Int. Congress of Refrigeration Vol.B. pp. 636, Vienna (1987)). A good discussion on heat transfer processes in absorbers is given in the subsequently published dissertation by F. Summerer (TU Munich, p.65, 1996). The heat transfer between solution and cooling medium does not generally limit the absorption process, however, this is limited by the mass transfer. A large heat exchange area in the absorber/resorber to improve the mass transfer by large surface area increases the costs of the absorber and creates wetting problems on the heat exchanger (J. Tang et al., 18th Int. Congress of Refrigeration, Montreal, p.519 (1991); I. Greiter, Dissertation TU Munich (1995), pp.36-37). Complete wetting of the heat exchanger is necessary for good heat transfer. In addition, for example with large heat-exchange areas or low input-heat temperatures and thus low energy exchange per unit of heat exchange area (load per unit area for short), the turbulence in the solution in the absorption heat exchanger and the effect of the additives which promote heat transfer decrease relatively sharply (K. J. Kim, Dissertation Arizona State University (1992), pp. 150). Low loads per unit area in the absorption heat exchanger also have an adverse effect on the loads per unit area in the other main components and can lead to relatively high specific heat exchange areas of the overall system and thus to high costs of the system.
It is further known, as already mentioned above, that, for example, the high exchange areas necessary at low input-heat temperatures in sorption systems having absorption heat exchangers, constructed, for example, as trickle abs
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Gambs Martin
Riesch Peter
Bennett Henry
Shulman Mark
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