Solventless primers which are hardenable by radiation

Details Solventless primers which are hardenable by radiation Solventless primers which are hardenable by radiation

1999-04-26

2002-02-26

Berman, Susan W. (Department: 1711)

Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture

Methods

Surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

C156S275700, C156S325000, C156S327000, C156S330000, C156S331100, C156S330900, C427S505000, C427S516000, C428S040100, C428S040900, C428S041200, C428S343000, C428S344000, C428S345000, C428S3550RA, C522S168000, C522S170000, C522S181000, C522S182000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06350344

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to primer compositions which are solvent-free and contain cationically and/or free-radically curable crosslinking systems and to the production and use thereof.
2. Discussion of Related Art
Coupling agents (primers), which make it possible for the coating to adhere to the substrate or distinctly improve adhesion, are used in many coatings. Primers are used on difficult to coat substrates, for example when coating flexible support materials (films) and rigid support materials. In particular, primers are used when coating these materials with polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), hot melts (hot melt adhesives), heat sealing lacquers, silicone, printing inks and lacquers, metallisation and extrusion coating/extrusion lamination with polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP).
According to the prior art, primer compositions containing solvents are used in such coatings, with the primer compositions, for example, containing moisture-curing polyurethane prepolymers as the reactive component in addition to the solvents. While these primer compositions containing solvents do indeed very adequately fulfil the technical requirements placed upon them, costly recirculation or incineration plants are necessary due to today's stringent environmental requirements relating to the prevention or minimisation of volatile organic solvent emissions.
In recent times, many aqueous dispersions or solvents have thus been proposed for this purpose. DE-A-4408487 thus describes an aqueous polyurethane primer composition consisting of a dispersion of an OH-functional polyurethane prepolymer and an isocyanate component. This primer composition is suitable for PVC products, especially for PVC profiles, for laminating PVC, polyether sulphone, polyolefin or polymethacrylate films with plastics products, in particular in conjunction with the use of (reactive) hot melt adhesives. These primer compositions fulfil the requirement of the absence of organic solvents, but considerable effort must be expended to dry the aqueous primer layer when it is applied in large areas in high speed coating machines. A further difficulty with temperature-sensitive substrates is that high drying temperatures cannot be used, such that short drying or flashing-off times are virtually impossible to achieve with aqueous systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object thus arose of providing a primer composition which is both substantially free of volatile organic solvents and free of water as a solvent or dispersant and which is suitable for providing a coupling coating when coating temperature-sensitive substrates of the above-stated type. Such a primer composition should fulfil the following requirements:
be substantially free of organic solvents and/or water,
have a processing temperature of below 150° C., preferably of below 100° C.,
have a processing viscosity of below 5000 mPa·s at the processing temperature,
primer application rates of substantially less than 5 g/m
2
should be possible on conventional processing plant,
the coupling agent layer should exhibit elevated cohesion and low surface tack,
both “in-line” priming and “off-line” priming should be possible.
“In-line” priming is taken to mean that, after coating with the primer composition, a further coating is applied onto the primer layer in a single operation. In “off-line” priming, the primer is first applied and a further coating applied at a later time.
This object has been achieved according to the invention by the provision of solvent-free, radiation-curable compositions which are applied in the same way as conventional commercial solvent-free laminating adhesives, wherein according to the invention these compositions have a viscosity of below 5000 mpa·s at temperatures of below 100° C. According to the invention, immediately after application of the primer, the molecular weight of the composition is dramatically increased by UV irradiation or electron beam irradiation. Coating may then proceed in a single operation (in-line) or in two operations (off-line) with intermediate winding of the substrate web onto a reel. In the case of the off-line method, the primer must not have any surface tack during winding, so avoiding adhesion onto the reverse side of the support, as the roll of the web material would otherwise block.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The radiation-curable primers may be cured cationically, free-radically or by a combination of both polymerisation mechanisms (hybrid systems).
Radiation-curable polymer systems based on cycloaliphatic epoxides are known in principle. The company literature Cyracure,
Cycloaliphatic epoxides
from Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Co. Inc. thus describes cationic, UV-curable binder systems based on mixed cycloaliphatic epoxides, polycaprolactone diols, reactive diluents based on aliphatic or cycloaliphatic epoxides together with triarylsulphonium hexafluorophosphate salts or triarylsulphonium hexafluoroantimonate salts as the photoinitiator. Stated applications are lacquers for cans and lids, decorative metal coatings, lithographic printing inks, paper coating and the like. This company literature makes no mention of the applicability of such compositions as primers for the purposes of the present invention.
Free-radically curing systems, which cure in the presence of a photoinitiator after UV irradiation or without a photoinitiator after electron irradiation, are also known in principle. EP-A-326917, for example, thus describes adhesive mixtures which contain a polyurethane polymer containing hydroxyl groups and having a molecular weight of preferably 100000 to 300000, photopolymerisable, ethylenically unsaturated compounds, optionally a photoinitiator and conventional adhesive auxiliaries (surfactants, adhesion promoters, tackifiers). These adhesive mixtures are radiation-curable and thermally activatable. These compositions are suitable for use as adhesives for adhesive bonding of plastics materials, no mention being made as to their suitability as a coupling agent coating for difficult to coat substrates.
Hybrid systems, which cure by a combination of cationic and free-radical polymerisation, consist, for example, of vinyl ethers and acrylate oligomers and contain both a cationic and a free-radical photoinitiator. Such hybrid formulations are described, for example, in the company literature
Rapid Cure Hybrid Formulations for High Humidity Environments
from the company International Specialty Products. Stated applications are as UV-curable clear lacquers for paper, plasticised PVC, polycarbonate and polyester.
Radiation-curable compositions based on epoxy compounds, hydroxy-terminated polyurethane polymer and a photoinitiator and the use thereof as a laminating adhesive are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,328,940. The teaching of U.S. Pat. No. 5,328,940 makes no disclosure in relation to solvent-free, radiation-curable primer compositions.
The free-radically curing primer compositions according to the invention are based on styrene, acrylate and/or methacrylate monomers, optionally in the presence of acrylate- or methacrylate-functionalised prepolymers.
Examples of preferably used ethylenically unsaturated components of the above-stated type are butyl, hexyl, ethylhexyl, dodecyl, dicyclopentadienyl, hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, N,N-dimethacrylamide, ethylene glycol diacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, hexanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and the corresponding methacrylates, optionally vinylpyrrolidone and divinylimidazole.
Possible further constituents of these free-radically curing systems are hydroxy-functional polyurethane prepolymers which are produced in a manner known per se from polyether polyols or polyester polyols and diisocyanates with a stoichiometric excess of the OH component.
In the event of curing by UV light, these primer compositions additionally

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