Sugar – starch – and carbohydrates – Processes – Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
Patent
1977-09-06
1978-09-26
Wolk, Morris O.
Sugar, starch, and carbohydrates
Processes
Carbohydrate manufacture and refining
127 42, 127 53, C13D 114
Patent
active
041167120
ABSTRACT:
There are numerous impurities in beet and cane sugar in the two phases in which it appears in the food industry and in commerce: -- as a solid phase in crystalline raw sugar, and as a liquid phase in concentrated syrups or molasses. These impurities, varying greatly with the source of the sugar, are extracted therefrom by solvents which are completely miscible with water, have molecular weights below 62 and contain a hydroxyl group: preferred solvents ethanol and acetic acid, also methanol. The crystalline nature of the solid raw sugar and the high solids content (40 to 80%) of such liquid solutions minimizes mutual solubility with the solvent which is enhanced by the use of a co-solvent -- acetone, also completely miscible with water, also with a molecular weight below 62, and allows counter current washing of the raw sugar or the liquid-liquid extraction of the sugar syrups.
Impurities preferentially going to the solvent layer, and their extractability or the relative extractability of different impurities may be controlled by variation of (a) the solvent itself; (b) its water content; (c) its temperature; (d) its pH; (e) its ratio of admixture with acetone as the co-solvent, which reduces further the mutual solubility of the sugar and the miscibility with water; and particularly (f) the solids content of the syrup or molasses to be extracted.
Highly refined sugar either as the syrup or as crystal sugar is made from the raffinate of the liquid washing or extraction; and the impurities may be separated to recover values conventionally lost.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2000202 (1935-05-01), Vazquez
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patent: 2130029 (1938-09-01), Reich
patent: 2442804 (1968-06-01), Gaylor
patent: 2759857 (1956-08-01), Julsingha
patent: 3174877 (1965-03-01), Bohrer
patent: 3325308 (1967-06-01), Othmer
patent: 3337366 (1967-08-01), De Haas et al.
Marcus Michael S.
Wolk Morris O.
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