Drug – bio-affecting and body treating compositions – Preparations characterized by special physical form – Tablets – lozenges – or pills
Reexamination Certificate
2000-08-09
2002-03-26
Page, Thurman K. (Department: 1615)
Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
Preparations characterized by special physical form
Tablets, lozenges, or pills
C424S476000, C424S479000, C424S480000, C424S482000, C514S960000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06361796
ABSTRACT:
The present invention relates to the field of osmotic pharmaceutical dose delivery systems and preparations, particularly preparations which can be administered orally.
Theeuwes et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,916,899, discloses a drug delivery preparation that is said to release the pharmaceutical agent through openings in the wall of the tablet or capsule by the osmotic pressure differential that is set up between the concentration of pharmaceutical agent in the tablet or capsule interior and the exterior fluid environment of the patient when the medicament is taken orally. See, also, Theeuwes et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,845,770 which discloses another preparation for osmotic pressure differential delivery of a pharmaceutical agent. In this original type of approach the interior of the tablet had a hydrophobic core surrounded by a hydrophilic layer within the tablet wall. As such, water entering the tablet remained in the hydrophilic layer and so very little drug was actually released.
It has been believed that this approach did not deliver the pharmaceutical agent as completely or efficiently as had previously been thought. Therefore, a different approach to releasing the pharmaceutical agent was developed. In this approach the interior of the tablet or capsule is characteristically of two layers, one containing the pharmaceutical agent (again to be released through openings in the wall of the tablet or capsule) and the other being a layer of material that swells when coming into contact with water. These materials that swell or expand to an equilibrium state when exposed to water or other biological fluids are referred to as “osmopolymers”. This volume expansion is used to physically force the pharmaceutical agent out through openings which have been formed in the wall, shell or coating during manufacture. The pharmaceutical agent is primarily released as insoluble particles, which therefore have limited bioavailability. This has commonly been referred to as the “push/pull” approach. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,422,123; 4,783,337; 4,765,989; 4,612,008; and 4,327,725. The patent literature has taught that this approach was necessary to deliver adequate doses, at controlled rates and for extended times, of a broad variety of drugs. Other “osmotic delivery systems have also been described. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,609,374; 4,036,228; 4,992,278; 4,160,020; and 4,615,698. The osmopolymers used in these types of systems are components whose functions are to swell when they interact with water and aqueous fluids. This swelling effect is defined in these patents as a property of embibing fluid so is to expand to a very high degree, usually exhibiting a 2 to 50 fold volume increase.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In arriving at the present invention it has been discovered that it is possible to efficiently deliver therapeutically effective doses, at controlled rates and for extended times, of a broad variety of drugs without the need for polymers that swell or expand within the tablet wall so as to physically force the medicament particles out into their intended environment of use. As used herein the term “swell”, i.e. that property which the present invention has been able to avoid, is used so as to have the same definition as in the patents described above. Further, the invention makes it possible to deliver agents which have limited aqueous solubility.
In accordance with the preferred invention, there is provided an osmotic delivery system, preferably in the form of a tablet, which dispenses a therapeutic agent having a limited solubility in water or physiological environments without the use of osmopolymers or swelling agents to deliver the therapeutic agents. Further in accordance with the present invention, the therapeutic agent is incorporated into a composition which is capable of solubilizing the therapeutic agent whereby the therapeutic agent is delivered in a predominantly solubilized form.
In a preferred embodiment, the invention has combined appropriate solubilizing agents and, throughout the composition containing the solubilizing and pharmaceutical agent(s), a “wicking” agent which provides enhanced flow channels for the pharmaceutical agent which has been made predominantly into its solubilized form by the solubilizing agent(s) while still within the tablet or capsule. Thus, the drug is delivered out through passages in the coating wall by true osmosis predominantly in its solubilized form, rather than by physical force on a particulate form.
Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention provides an osmotic pharmaceutical delivery system comprising (a) a semi-permeable wall that maintains its integrity during pharmaceutical delivery and which has at least one passage therethrough; (b) a single, homogeneous composition within said wall, which composition contains (i) a pharmaceutically active agent, (ii) at least one non-swelling solubilizing agent which enhances the solubility of the pharmaceutically active agent; (iii) at least one non-swelling osmotic agent and (iv) a non-swelling wicking agent dispersed throughout the composition which enhances the surface area contact of the pharmaceutical agent with the incoming aqueous fluid. The pharmaceutical agent is thus released in a predominantly soluble form.
Preferred non-swelling solubilizing agents include (i) agents that inhibit crystal formation of the pharmaceutical or otherwise acts by complexation therewith; (ii) a high HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) micelle-forming surfactant, particularly non-ionic and/or anionic surfactants; (iii) citrate esters; and combinations thereof, particularly combinations of complexation agents with anionic surfactants. Preferred non-swelling osmotic agents include sugars with ten or fewer rings, preferably five or fewer rings and most preferably two rings. Examples include fructose, lactose, xylitol and sorbitol. Preferred wicking agents include colloidal silicon dioxide and polyvinyl pyrrolidone and sodium lauryl sulfate can also function as wicking agents.
REFERENCES:
patent: 2953497 (1960-09-01), Press
patent: 3065143 (1962-11-01), Christenson et al.
patent: 3845770 (1974-11-01), Theeuwes et al.
patent: 3916899 (1975-11-01), Theeuwes et al.
patent: 4016880 (1977-04-01), Theeuwes et al.
patent: 4036228 (1977-07-01), Theeuwes
patent: 4097606 (1978-06-01), Chavkin et al.
patent: 4140780 (1979-02-01), Gold et al.
patent: 4160020 (1979-07-01), Ayer et al.
patent: 4308251 (1981-12-01), Dunn et al.
patent: 4327725 (1982-05-01), Cortese et al.
patent: 4609374 (1986-09-01), Ayer
patent: 4612008 (1986-09-01), Wong et al.
patent: 4615698 (1986-10-01), Guittard et al.
patent: 4687660 (1987-08-01), Baker et al.
patent: 4751071 (1988-06-01), Magruder et al.
patent: 4765989 (1988-08-01), Wong et al.
patent: 4777049 (1988-10-01), Magruder et al.
patent: 4783337 (1988-11-01), Wong et al.
patent: 4789549 (1988-12-01), Khan et al.
patent: 4801461 (1989-01-01), Hamel et al.
patent: 4806359 (1989-02-01), Radenbaugh et al.
patent: 4851229 (1989-07-01), Magruder et al.
patent: 4940465 (1990-07-01), Theeuwes et al.
patent: 4992278 (1991-02-01), Khanna et al.
patent: 5024843 (1991-06-01), Kuczynski et al.
patent: 5082668 (1992-01-01), Wong et al.
patent: 5091190 (1992-02-01), Kuczynski et al.
patent: 5178866 (1993-01-01), Wright et al.
patent: 5200193 (1993-04-01), Radenbaugh et al.
patent: 5264446 (1993-11-01), Hegesy et al.
patent: 5284662 (1994-02-01), Koparker et al.
patent: 5376384 (1994-12-01), Eichel et al.
patent: 5422123 (1995-06-01), Conte et al.
patent: 5464633 (1995-11-01), Conte et al.
patent: 5558879 (1996-09-01), Chen et al.
patent: 5654005 (1997-08-01), Chen et al.
patent: 5698224 (1997-12-01), Guittard et al.
patent: 5738159 (1998-04-01), Chen et al.
Santus, G. and R.W. Baker, Journal of Controlled Release, 35:1-21 (1989).
Burnside Beth A.
Couch Richard A.
Flanner Henry H.
Pinkett Jill E.
Rudnic Edward M.
Lillie Raymond J.
Olstein Elliot M.
Page Thurman K.
Seidleck Brian K.
Shire Laboratories Inc.
LandOfFree
Soluble form osmotic dose delivery system does not yet have a rating. At this time, there are no reviews or comments for this patent.
If you have personal experience with Soluble form osmotic dose delivery system, we encourage you to share that experience with our LandOfFree.com community. Your opinion is very important and Soluble form osmotic dose delivery system will most certainly appreciate the feedback.
Profile ID: LFUS-PAI-O-2816973