Compositions – Fluent dielectric – N-containing
Patent
1993-06-03
1995-03-21
Lieberman, Paul
Compositions
Fluent dielectric
N-containing
252135, 252174, 25217414, 252531, C11D 1100, C11D 114, C11D 1700
Patent
active
053992970
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to solid detergents containing anionic surfactants, sodium salts and/or aluminosilicates and to a process for their production.
PRIOR ART
Alkyl sulfates (AS), which are industrially produced by sulfation of primary alcohols, are anionic surfactants which are particularly suitable for the production of detergents and cleaning products by virtue of their excellent detergent properties and their high biodegradability.
Solid, i.e. particulate or powder-form, detergents containing alkyl sulfates, sodium sulfate and/or aluminosilicates are known, for example, from Japanese patent application JP 62/273 300.
They are normally produced from aqueous alkyl sulfate dispersions ("AS pastes") having solids contents of 40 to 60% by weight, optionally in admixture with other detergent ingredients, such as for example sodium sulfate, soda or aluminosilicates, which are converted by spray drying into a solid, anhydrous and generally powder-like form. It is of particular importance in this regard that the AS pastes are not only processed, but also stored at temperatures in the range from 60.degree. to 80.degree. C. because they solidify at lower temperatures and can no longer be pumped. Storage at higher temperatures is attended by the serious disadvantage that the alkyl sulfates can undergo partial hydrolysis to alcohol and sulfuric acid, so that the content of washing-active substance decreases significantly in dependence upon the storage time.
In addition, the production of powder-form detergents based on alkyl sulfates by known processes involves the almost complete removal of water which is very time- and energy-consuming. Finally, the narrow temperature range in which the AS pastes can be stored and processed is a serious disadvantage compared with the processing of most other anionic surfactant pastes.
Accordingly, the problem addressed by the present invention was to provide solid detergents based on alkyl sulfates which would be free from the disadvantages mentioned above.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to solid detergents containing anionic surfactants, sodium salts and/or aluminosilicates which are obtained by mixing 100 parts by weight of an aqueous 40 to 60% by weight alkyl sulfate paste at 20.degree. to 80.degree. C. with consisting of sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate and/or 20.degree. to 60.degree. C.
The present invention also relates to a process for the production of solid detergents which is characterized in that 100 parts by weight of an aqueous 40 to 60% by weight alkyl sulfate paste are mixed at 20.degree. to 80.degree. C. with consisting of sodium sulfate, sodium carbonate and sodium silicate and/or 20.degree. to 60.degree. C.
It has surprisingly been found that the gel-form, plastic alkyl sulfate pastes can be converted into solid mixtures at temperatures as low as room temperature by addition of defined quantities of the above-mentioned sodium salts and/or aluminosilicates. Despite their high water content of up to 40% by weight, the solid mixtures obtained can be mechanically size-reduced and brought into particulate or free-flowing powder form. Accordingly, the process according to the invention has a major advantage over conventional spray drying technology, particularly so far as the saving of energy is concerned.
Alkyl sulfates are known substances which may be obtained by the standard methods of preparative organic chemistry. The preferred process for their production starts out from primary alcohols of natural or synthetic origin which are first sulfated with gaseous sulfur trioxide and then neutralized with aqueous bases in known manner. Alkyl sulfate pastes having solids contents of 40 to 60% by weight, which show a gel-like consistency or are solid, can be obtained in this way [J. Falbe (ed.), "Surfactants in Consumer Products", Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1986, page 67].
Alkyl sulfate pastes in which the alkyl sulfate contains 12 to 22 carbon atoms and, more particularly, 16 to 18 carbon atoms
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Anzinger Hermann
Linde Karl-Heinz
Panthal Guenther
Grandmaison Real J.
Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien
Hertzog A.
Jaeschke Wayne C.
Lieberman Paul
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