Static structures (e.g. – buildings) – Specified roof spaced from ceiling
Patent
1986-09-25
1988-03-29
Perham, Alfred C.
Static structures (e.g., buildings)
Specified roof spaced from ceiling
52 66, 52168, 52173R, 52729, 126419, 126429, 126431, 126438, E04D 1318, F24J 200
Patent
active
047335068
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
PRIOR ART
The invention concerns a roof structure of the type that is presented in the introduction to claim 1.
DISADVANTAGES OF PRIOR ART
Large glass roof structures create indoor climatic problems compared with light-proof construction. This is partly due to the relatively bad thermal insulating ability of glass and partly due to the variability of the sun rays. The low thermal insulating ability creates a large heat loss in periods of low solar energy. During the summer months the sun rays will provide an excess of heat and high temperatures. This has made it necessary to accept greater variations in temperature than desirable with such roof structures.
Such roof structures have also been used to cover areas between buildings to create partially climatized zones and to reduce heat loss from the buildings. This solution is designed solely for larger areas and the costs are high compared to their usefulness.
THE OBJECT OF THE INVENTION:
The main object of this invention is to create a roof structure that provides the possibility for good thermal economy compared to initial expenses. It is of special interest to create a roof structure that allows for the possibility of function change: during periods of high solar intensity a shielding of the sunrays can take place, while during periods without incoming of light and with low outdoor temperatures insulation can be obtained. Moreover, one object of the invention is to be able to preserve the warmth of the sun through a solar panel integrated within the roof structure. In addition to this, financial considerations and certain esthetic qualities are required.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be described in closer detail in the following by reference to the drawings where:
FIG. 1A-C illustrates a schematic vertical section through a roof structure shaped in accordance with the invention during various operating conditions,
FIG. 2 shows a perspective vertical section through one embodiment of a roof structure according to the invention, and
FIG. 3A-C shows alternative girder types.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The roof structure in FIG. 1A-C encompasses a number of parallel girders 11 in which four are shown in the example. The design of the girders will be described in closer detail in the example below. A glass roof lies over the girders, and this roof is generally signified by the reference number 12. This will also be described in more detail below. In the example the girders 11 are constructed with a height that is equal to half the distance between the girders. On the underside of each girder 11 a pivoted trapdoor is connected, 13 and 14 respectively, which can swing between a lower, generally horizontal position and an upper position up to the girder. The pivoted trapdoors will be described in more detail below.
FIG. 1A illustrates the roof structure in the example with all the trapdoors 13 and 14 in the lower position. This can be called "the night position" due to the fact that no light will be let in or out through the roof structure, and at the same time will allow maximum thermal insulation. The insulating ability increases because the trapdoors 13 and 14 are manufactured with insulating materials, as described below.
In FIG. 1B the roof structure in the example is illustrated with the trapdoors swung upwards to give maximum incoming light. This condition is relevant in periods with moderate incoming light where it is desireable to utilize all of the incoming sunlight to heat the space under the roof structure. With suitable designing of the surfaces of the trapdoors, as described below, a high degree of reflection of the light that falls against the trapdoors will be achieved. This operating condition is also relevant in overcast or cold weather, in that it utilizes the incoming light, allowing maximum effect.
FIG. 1C illustrates the third operating condition for the roof structure in the example: in the instance of strong incoming sunlight and hot weather. In this case it is unnecessary and undesireable to let the
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Perham Alfred C.
Pittenger James E.
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