Chemistry: fertilizers – Processes and products – Bacterial
Reexamination Certificate
1999-08-17
2001-08-21
Langel, Wayne (Department: 1754)
Chemistry: fertilizers
Processes and products
Bacterial
C047SDIG001, C071S903000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06277167
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a soil conditioner and a method of ameliorating soils.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Considered important in modern agriculture have been and are breeding in various ways and the application of chemical fertilizers and agricultural chemicals in large quantities. In fact, agriculture which is strong against damage by diseases, gives high yields and saves time and labor has been realized as a consequence.
However, increases in yields have now reached the limit, and the following problems are newly caused.
The first problem is an environmental problem. Nitrogen and phosphorus discharged from chemical fertilizers flow into rivers to cause an eutrophication in lakes and marshes, and a water bloom and a red tide are caused.
Further, agricultural chemicals have a serious influence not only on the health of workers themselves but also on neighboring inhabitants, and they further cause damage on the health of consumers as residual chemicals.
The second problem is that soil is oxidized with an excessive increase in soil productivity with the application of chemical fertilizers so that the soil is fatigued and that crops fail to produce original nutrients and show savors different from those of original crops. For this reason, it is said that that vegetables grown in open fields old days were delicious.
The third problem is that the yields which are attained in conventional procedures have reached limitations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a soil conditioner which improves the soil productivity (heart) inherent to soil by means of the oxidation and environmental activity of microorganisms and various metabolites thereof without using agricultural chemicals or chemical fertilizers in large quantities and which provides crops with the soil as an easily utilizable component, so that the yields of the crops can be increased and that the crops can be improved in savors, and a method of ameliorating soils.
The above object is achieved by any one of the following constitutions (1) to (4).
(1) A soil conditioner containing at least one of
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus
and
Candida lipolytica.
(2) A soil conditioner containing
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus
and
Candida lipolytica.
(3) A method of ameliorating soil, which comprises applying at least one of
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus
and
Candida lipolytica
to soil for growing crops.
(4) A method of ameliorating soil, which comprises applying a mixture containing
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus
and
Candida lipolytica
to soil for growing crops.
In the present invention, the productivity (heart) inherent to soil is improved by the activity of the above bacteria and yeast and the soil is provided as a component easily utilizable for crops, whereby the yields of crops can be increased and the crops can be improved in savors, and the like.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Specific constitutions of the present invention will be explained hereinafter.
The soil conditioner of the present invention contains at least one of
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei, Enterococcus malodoratus
and
Candida lipolytica
, while it preferably contains all of them.
Lactobacillus is Gram-positive bacillus which ferments saccharose to generate lactic acid mainly. In
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
, examples isolated from dairy products, sewer, silage and clinical materials are known. As
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
, it is preferred to use
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
which the present Applicant has internationally deposited in Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, Patent Microorganism Depository as DDD-a (Accession No. FERM BP-6463) under Budapest Treaty on international accession of deposition of microorganisms under patent procedures (international deposition will be used in this sense hereinafter).
The bacteriological properties of the above
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
will be explained below.
Items tested
Test results
Morphology
vacillus
Gram stainability
+
Spore
−
Mobility
−
Behavior to oxygen
fucultative
anaerobic
Catalase
−
Formed lactic acid
L(+)
Gas generation from glucose
−
Gas generation from glucoate
+
Growing at 15° C.
+
Growing at 45° C.
−
Capability of fermentation of saccharose
Amygdalin
+
Arabinose
−
Aesculin
+
Fructose
+
Galactose
+
Glucose
+
Gluconate
+
Lactose
+
Maltose
+
Mannitol
+
Mannose
+
Melezitose
+
Melibiose
−
Raffinose
−
Rhamnose
−
Ribose
+
Salicin
+
Sorbitol
+
Sucrose
+
Trehalose
+
Xylose
−
GC content (mol %) of DNA in microorganism*1
46
*1 According to HPLC method
Enterococcus is known as enteric coccus, and an example isolated from cheese is known as
Enterococcus malodoratus.
As
Enterococcus malodoratus
, it is preferred to use
Enterococcus malodoratus
which the present Applicant has internationally deposited in Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, Patent Microorganism Depository as DDD-b (Accession No. FERM BP-6464).
The bacteriological properties of the above
Enterococcus malodoratus
will be explained below.
Items tested
Test results
Morphology
streptococcus
Gram stainability
+
Spore
−
Mobility
−
Behavior to oxygen
Fucultative
anaerobic
Catalase
−
Gas generation from glucose
−
Formed lactic acid
L(+)
Growing at 15° C.
+
Growing at 45° C.
−
Growing in the presence of 6.5% NaCl
+
Growing at pH 9.6
+
Growing in the presence of 40% bile
+
Hemolysis
&agr;-hemolysis
Arginine dihydrolase
−
Hippuric acid
−
Hydrolsys of aesculin
+
Growing in 0.1% methylene blue milk
−
VP reaction
−
Formation of acids
Xylose
−
Rhamnose
+
Sucrose
+
Lactose
+
Melibiose
+
Raffinose
+
Melezitose
+*1
Glycerol
−
Adonitol
−*2
Sorbitol
+
Mannitol
+
L-Arabinose
−
Generation of yellow dyestuff
−
GC content (mol %) of DNA in microorganism*2
40
*1 Atypical property
*2 According to HPLC method
The genus Candida is yeast coming under incomplete fungi, and
Candida lipolytica
has lipase and is therefore isolated as a microoganism which causes the deterioration of butter, margarine and the like. Examples isolated from olive, soil and animals including human being have been found.
As
Candida lipolytica
, it is preferred to use
Candida lipolytica
which the present Applicant has internationally deposited in Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, Patent Microorganism Depository as DDD-c (Accession No. FERM BP-6465).
The bacteriological properties of the above DDD-C,
Candida lipolytica
, will be explained below.
Items tested
Test results
Morphology of
oval ~ elliptical ~
trophocyte
cyllindrical
Morphology of
multipolar budding
growth
Liquid culture
Precipitation and
formation of a skim observed (25° C., 3 days)
Pseudomycellium
formed (25° C., 3 days)
Fungus
formed (25° C., 3 days)
Ascospore
Formation not
observed in any of ADAMS, GORODKOWA, malt,
YM, V-8 and potato dextrose media.
Capability of fermentation
Glucose
−
Galactose
−
Sucrose
−
Maltose
−
Lactose
−
Raffinose
−
Capability of Assimilation
Galactose
−
Sucrose
−
Maltose
−
Cellobiose
−
Trehalose
−
Lactose
−
Melibiose
−
Raffinose
−
Melezitose
−
Starch
−
D-Xylose
−
L-Arabinose
−
D-Ribose
+
L-Rhamnose
−
Glycerol
+
Erythritol
+
Ribitol
−
D-Mannitol
+
Lactate
+
Succinate
+
Citrate
+
Inositol
−
C
Ito Eizo
Ito Naoki
Langel Wayne
Shinei Fermentec Corporation
Sughrue Mion Zinn Macpeak & Seas, PLLC
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