Hydraulic and earth engineering – Earth treatment or control – Shoring – bracing – or cave-in prevention
Patent
1980-09-24
1983-10-04
Taylor, Dennis L.
Hydraulic and earth engineering
Earth treatment or control
Shoring, bracing, or cave-in prevention
405258, 405284, E02D 500
Patent
active
044076126
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to a soil and/or water-retaining wall; to a method for forming this soil and/or water-retaining wall, and to a forming mould suitable for use with this method.
For forming soil-retaining walls a method is already known, the "Berlin building method" in accordance with which these walls are built up from load-bearing parts, which consist of steel sections and from intervening retaining portions, which are made up of timber slabs or of prefabricated concrete slabs, these slabs being placed in position manually, one after the other ,during excavation. Such walls, obtained with the use of the Berlin building method, are unsuitable for retaining water because during the construction numerous gaps are formed. Hence these walls can be used exclusively above ground water level. A further difficulty with such known walls is that a great deal of manual labour is necessary.
Further, soil and/or water-retaining walls made of concrete are known which are formed in the soil from adjacent flat sections having a uniform thickness of at least 40 cm. These known soil and/or water-retaining walls require on the one hand a very great deal of concrete material, whilst on the other hand the forming of these walls is rather time-consuming because first of all soil has to be removed by drilling or excavation, whereafter this removed soil is replaced by concrete.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a soil and/or water-retaining wall whereby the above-mentioned disadvantages are effectively removed.
For this purpose, this soil and/or water-retaining wall in accordance with the invention is characterized in that this wall is composed of at least partially prefabricated load bearing uprights and intervening curved shells formed in the soil of concrete or similar hardenable material, which shells connect on both sides without joints to the uprights.
It has been shown that in this way soil and/or water-retaining walls are obtained whereby the integrally formed shells connect on either side with the uprights practically hermetically. Thus, the walls in accordance with the invention can be used both as soil-retaining walls and as water-retaining walls and hence can be located below the ground water level if required. Furthermore the forming of the soil and/or water-retaining walls in accordance with the invention lends itself excellently to mechanization, so that practically no manual labour has to be performed.
Preferably the uprights are completely prefabricated.
The uprights may in the first place consist of steel sections, such as H-sections or double U-sections.
As an alternative it is possible for the uprights to consist of reinforced or pre-stressed beams made of concrete or similar hardenable material.
Furthermore it is also possible for the uprights to be made of steel and of concrete or similar hardenable material.
According to a favourable embodiment of the soil and/or water-retaining wall in accordance with the invention, the ends of the intervening curved shells connect with the steel sections in the corner between the web of the section and a flange located at the side of the excavation.
In this embodiment the uprights are the only load-bearing components of the soil and/or water-retaining wall, whilst the intervening curved shells transfer the loads essentially in the horizontal sense to the adjacent uprights. Hence, there is a clear separation between the function of the uprights, which act as load-bearing components, and the function of the intervening shells which form the retaining portions of the wall.
The shells rest on the flange of the uprights, which is located at the side of the excavation, the said flange being subjected to a tensile stress after excavation, at the point of the soil moment in the wall. The shell which is cast against this flange will thus actually have to be subjected to the same elongation as this flange, which could lead to tensile cracking in the horizontal direction in the concrete as this concrete does not have the same elasticity as the steel flange. As
REFERENCES:
patent: 1423436 (1922-07-01), Larsen
patent: 3381483 (1968-05-01), Huthsing
patent: 3555830 (1971-01-01), York
patent: 4050254 (1977-09-01), Meheen et al.
Foundacon BV
Taylor Dennis L.
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