Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting – deodorizing – preser – Chemical reactor – Including solid – extended surface – fluid contact reaction...
Patent
1997-04-02
1998-07-14
Bhat, Nina
Chemical apparatus and process disinfecting, deodorizing, preser
Chemical reactor
Including solid, extended surface, fluid contact reaction...
422224, 422225, 422227, B01J 822, B01J 1900
Patent
active
057799954
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
This continuation-in-part application, which is designated for filing in the United States, corresponds to PCT Application number PCT/EP 95/03786, which was filed on Sep. 25, 1995 and claims priority over DE Application No. P 44 35 839.3, which was filed on Oct. 7, 1994.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Sludge phase reactions are reactions in which at least one finely divided solid phase and one fluid phase participate.
Highly exothermic sludge phase reactions require effective discharge of the heat of reaction. Sludge phase reactors therefore thus generally include expensive heat exchanger constructions inside the reaction container (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,243,268 or European patent 263,935). In the case of the known sludge phase reactors, the heat exchange is brought about as a result of the fact that the reaction mass is pumped around so-called "field" heat exchanger pipes or boiler pipes which are closed at one end and in which the heat-transfer medium and the resultant steam are guided counter-currently. The disadvantage of this type of heat exchange is the flow speed of the reaction mass which differs in relation to the reactor chamber and the low degree of efficiency of the heat exchanger brought about thereby. The different flow speed of the reaction mass gives rise to areas in which the flow is substantially decreased and the solid components involved in the reaction can be deposited.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a cross-section through the sludge phase reactor according to the invention; and
FIG. 2 shows is a cross-sectional view of the reactor of FIG. 1 in the direction of A--A of FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention it is now proposed to provide as a heat exchanger a container through which the heat-transfer medium essentially flows in one direction only, the container being equipped with a plurality of passage ducts having a circular cross-section for the reaction mass. In accordance with the invention the reaction mass is consequently guided "inversely" in the heat exchanger in comparison with conventional evaporation- heat exchangers.
The subject matter of the present invention is a sludge phase reactor for exothermic sludge phase reactions, comprising the following components: coolant and the reaction mass flow inside the reaction container, the annular chamber being covered at the top and bottom by the reaction mass; flow of the reaction mass; central free flow chamber and the annular chamber; having a circular cross-section for the reaction mass, and the coolant flows through the annular chamber between the passage ducts for the reaction mass.
Preferably reaction mass and heat-transfer medium flow through the heat exchanger annular chamber substantially in the same direction. In particular the passage ducts for the reaction mass through the annular chamber are flowed through vertically upwards. In this case the agitator is preferably disposed at the lower outlet of the central free flow chamber. At least one of the reaction components is delivered in the immediate vicinity of the agitator such that firstly the reaction component is rapidly distributed in the reaction mass and secondly the delivered reaction component with the reaction mass is introduced very rapidly into the heat exchanger.
In order for the reaction to be performed continuously, an overflow from which reacted reaction mass can be continuously drawn off is provided above the fluid level in the reaction container.
Preferably a substance which evaporates at the reaction temperature and which is delivered in liquid form at the base of the heat exchanger annular chamber and is drawn off in gaseous form from the head of the heat exchanger annular chamber is used as the heat-transfer medium. Particularly preferably, water is used as the heat-transfer medium and the heat exchange takes place with the production of steam. The coolant temperature is preferably set by maintaining the pressure of the steam produced.
Preferably reactions involving a gas phase are performed in
REFERENCES:
patent: 3761521 (1973-09-01), Alheritiere et al.
patent: 4882283 (1989-11-01), Gentry
patent: 5563296 (1996-10-01), Zarnack et al.
Beckhaus Heiko
Witt Harro
Zarnack Uwe Jens
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Bhat Nina
Cheung Noland J.
Gil Joseph C.
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