Resilient tires and wheels – Tires – resilient – Anti-skid devices
Patent
1988-04-20
1989-09-12
Ball, Michael W.
Resilient tires and wheels
Tires, resilient
Anti-skid devices
B60C 1116
Patent
active
048651001
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention concerns a sleeve-mounted spike fitted to a vehicle tire.
Increasing traffic load and spike tires in combination have proved to be a remarkable road attrition factor. In some countries this has even led to prohibition of spike tires, or at least to considerable restrictions.
In Nordic conditions, the beneficial effect of an anti-slip means on the safety and flexibility of traffic has on the other hand been irrefutably demonstrated, and this effect should not be sacrificed: instead, the associated drawbacks should be eliminated. Good results will be achieved by further developing both the road superstructures and the anti-slip tires.
As a pneumatic automobile tyre rolls on an even surface, it is considerably flattened radially, owing to its flexibility, whereby in the contact region longitudinal as well as transversal forces are generated owing to changes of the rolling radius.
The longitudinal forces acting on the spike when the tire is rolling are due to bending of the body structure, to longitudinal slipping and to the stress wave in the rubber.
When a spike approaches the point of contact with the road, the tire body undergoes bending such that the radius of the bent part is significantly smaller than that of equivalent parts of the load-free tire. This deflects the spike, which has been mounted at right angles against the surface, to assume a vertical position before contact with the road. Owing to the protrusion of the spike point, however, the spike is not turned into a fully upright position: it meets the road surface in an oblique position. At this stage, the forces due to slipping tendency also begin to exert their influence.
A further consequence of the oblique angle of encounter is an increased road attrition effect also at the moment when the spike loses contact with the road. Stresses build up around the spike which is urged into the tire in an oblique position, and these are further enhanced, owing to the rotary motion of the tire, during passage over the road contact region, and they cause a scratching effect which is more powerful than that of a straight-aligned spike in an equivalent situation.
Traditionally, the shape of the sleeve-mounted spike has been symmetric and it has been mounted in a hole perpendicular against the wear surface of the tire, whereby it meets the road in a slightly oblique position as the forces mentioned and the protrusion of the spike effect its position. The oblique contact of the spike with the road, as well as its being pushed deeper into the tire in oblique position during the initial part of road contact, cause damage to the rubber and to the spike which impairs the friction properties of the spike, detract from the durability of the spike and increase its road attrition properties.
The aim of the invention is to achieve an improvement in currently known sleeve-mounted spike designs. The more specific aim of the invention is to provide a sleeve-mounted spike in which the drawbacks in designs of the prior art have been avoided.
The aims of the invention are achieved by means of a sleeve-mounted spike which is mainly characterized in that the sleeve of the substantially symmetric sleeve-mounted spike features an oblique hole for the rivet, the sleeve-mounted spike being arranged to meet the road surface, at first contact with the road surface, in a position which is substantially perpendicular.
The invention is described in the following in greater detail by referring to some advantageous embodiments of the invention, presented in the figures of the drawing attached, to which the invention is not meant to be exclusively confined.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 presents an advantageous embodiment of the sleeve-mounted spike of the invention, in sectional projection.
In FIG. 2 is shown part of the tire of a vehicle, viewed from the direction of the wear surface.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the sleeve-mounted spike of the invention in general is indicated by reference numeral 10. The sleeve-mounted spike 10 comprises a ri
REFERENCES:
patent: 2696864 (1954-12-01), Crooker
patent: 3786849 (1974-01-01), Loqvist
patent: 3987831 (1976-10-01), Walgrave et al.
Farid Ainetdin
Linden Unto
Suvanto Erkki
Ball Michael W.
Neste Oy
Wilber Gregory J.
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