Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser – Synthetic resins – At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
Reexamination Certificate
1998-08-17
2001-02-20
Cain, Edward J. (Department: 1714)
Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 ser
Synthetic resins
At least one aryl ring which is part of a fused or bridged...
C524S493000, C524S495000, C524S496000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06191206
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to tire compositions which contain silica and static-electricity dissipative carbon black. More specifically, the present invention relates to silica containing tire treads having an effective amount of extra conductive carbon black to suppress electrical charge accumulation on the tire and the vehicle.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Heretofore, carbon black has been utilized in various parts of a tire including the tread to reinforce the same. More recently, silica has been utilized in tire treads to reduce the rolling resistance thereof. In order to abate electrical charge build up, a thin over coat of an electrical conductive carbon black has been applied over the treads as well as the lugs and grooves thereof. Alternatively, an electrostatic discharge ring has been located on at least one shoulder portion of the tire. Extra conductive carbon black has also been utilized in rubber conveyor belts and rubber printing rollers to suppress the build up of static electricity therein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Pneumatic tires having silica reinforced components such as treads contain effective amounts of extra conductive carbon black to suppress static charge accumulation. Effective amounts of such carbon blacks when no conventional carbon black is utilized are generally from about 8 to about 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of rubber (PHR). Conventional silica coupling agents are generally also utilized to chemical bond the silica to the rubber.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The dissipative electrostatic composition of the present invention can generally relate to any tire component such as the casing, the carcass plies, the sidewall, and preferably the tread. The tire component rubber and especially the pneumatic tire tread compositions of the present invention are made from at least one conjugated diene monomer, or from a conjugated diene and one or more vinyl-substituted aromatic monomers, and optionally from ethylene and propylene monomers, or ethylene-propylene and a non-conjugated diene (i.e, the formation of EPDM rubber). The diene monomers have a total of from 4 to 10 carbon atoms such as 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1-3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-pentadiene, 2-phenyl-1,3-butadiene, and 4,5-diethyl-1,3-octadiene. The one or more vinyl-substituted aromatic monomers have a total of from 8 to 12 carbon atoms such as styrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 3-methylstyrene (p-methylstyrene), 3,5-diethylstyrene, and the like. Preferred tread rubber compositions generally include natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene), synthetic polyisoprene, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, and the like.
The tire component composition such as the tread is free of various silicone rubbers such as various organopolysiloxanes, and the like. That is, the tire component composition such as a tread generally contains less than 5 percent and desirably less than 2 percent by weight of organopolysiloxane rubber, e.g., based on the total weight of the tire component rubber and preferably is completely free of such silicone rubbers, and the like.
The silica of the tire component composition generally can contain any type of silica such as fumed, hydrated, and preferably precipitated. Advantages of using silica include reduced rolling resistance and hence improve gasoline mileage of the vehicle. Suitable silicas generally have a BET surface area, as measured utilizing nitrogen gas, of from about 40 to about 600 and preferably from about 50 to about 300 square meters per gram. The actual BET method of measuring the surface area is described in the Journal of The American Chemical Society, Volume 60, page 304 (1930). DBP (dibutylphthalate) absorption values range from about 100 to about 400 and desirably from about 150 to about 300 ml/100 g. The ultimate particle size of the silica is generally from about 0.01 to about 0.05 microns as measured by an electron microscope although smaller or larger particles can exist. The amount of the silica generally ranges from about 20 or 22 to about 90, desirably from about 25 to about 65, and preferably from about 27 or 30 to about 45 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the tire component rubber. Commercially available silicas which can be utilized in the present invention include silicas commercially available from PPG Industries under the Hi-Sil trademark such as designations 190, 210, 233, 243, etc.; silicas from Rhone-Poulenc such as Z1165MP and Z165GR; silicas available from Degussa AG such as VN2 and VN3; and silicas from Akzo chemical. The PPG Hi-Sil silicas such as 190 are preferred.
Silica coupling agents are generally utilized to couple, that is to chemically bind the silica to the rubber. Generally any conventional type of silica coupling agent can be utilized such as those having a silane and a constituent component or moiety which can react with the rubber, particularly a sulfur vulcanizable rubber. The coupling agent thus acts as a connecting bridge between the silica and the rubber. The rubber reactive group of a silane coupling agent includes mercapto, polysulfide, amino, vinyl, and epoxy groups with mercapto and polysulfide groups being preferred. Examples of suitable silica coupling agents include N-&bgr;-(aminoethyl)-&ggr;-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, &ggr;-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, bis (&bgr;-hydroxyethyl) -&ggr;-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, &bgr;-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxy silane, &ggr;-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane, &ggr;-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyl trichlorosilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, and vinyl tris (&bgr;-methoxyethyl) silane. A preferred silane coupling agent is bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide, also known as Si69® manufactured by DeGussa AG. The amount of the silica coupling agent can vary but generally is from about 2% to about 20%, and desirably from about 7% to about 16% by weight based upon the total weight of the silica.
An important aspect of the present invention is the utilization of one or more extra conductive carbon blacks such as extra conductive carbon black to impart conductivity to the tire component composition and especially the tire tread composition which is further described herein below and can include conventional carbon black. An amount of extra conductive carbon black is utilized so as to dissipate or prevent static electricity build up. In other words, the volume resistivity of the tire component composition is generally 10
8
or less, desirably 10
6
or less, and preferably 10
4
or 10
2
or less Ohm-cm. A high conductive carbon black such as extra conductive carbon black can be defined as carbon black having BET-surface area of at least 500, generally at least 600, desirably at least 750 or 900, and preferably at least 1,000 and even 1,200 square meters per gram. It is noted that extra conductive carbon black generally exists as porous or hollow particles. Moreover, the DBP absorption value is at least 250, and desirably at least 300, and preferably at least 350 ml/100 g. Suitable extra conductive carbon blacks include Printex XE2 manufactured by Degussa, Ketjenblack EC60O manufactured by AKZO, Ensaco 23MM distributed by Vanderbilt, and the like. Although Vulcan XC72 manufactured by Cabot is sometimes referred to as an extra conductive carbon black, it generally is not suitable in the present invention as such since it only has a BET surface area of 254 and a DBP absorption value of 178.
The amount of extra conductive carbon black utilized when nil or small amounts (e.g., less than 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of all rubber compounds) of regular carbon black are utilized in the tire component composition is from about 8 to about 50, desirably from about 9 to about 35, and preferably from about 10 to about 20 parts by weight for every 100 parts by weight of all rubber compounds. Should, however, conventional amounts, for example, at least 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of all rubber compounds of a conventional carbon black be utilized, the amount o
Bridgestone/Firestone Inc.
Cain Edward J.
Hornickel, Esq. John H.
Hudak, Esq. Daniel J.
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