Multiplex communications – Communication over free space – Signaling for performing battery saving
Reexamination Certificate
1998-08-31
2002-05-28
Ngo, Ricky (Department: 2664)
Multiplex communications
Communication over free space
Signaling for performing battery saving
C370S329000, C370S465000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06396817
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
I. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to communication systems in general and, in particular, to improving the transmission of information signals in a communications system.
II. Description of the Related Art
CDMA communication systems are very sensitive to peak transmit power and are generally limited by interference related to transmit power levels. One interference related limitation is the so called “Near-Far Problem”. In this problem as transmit power increases during a transmission it causes more interference in other channels. To deal with this additional interference, the other channels must increase their own transmit power. The increase in transmit power by the other channels in turn generates more interference for all the channels. This avalanche effect occurs until the system is stabilized and all the channels are satisfied. Therefore, in order to maximize the capacity of such a system it is desirable that each user transmits only the minimum power necessary to achieve a required quality of service. Another problem that can degrade the performance of other links in a transmission system is a waveform that contains a discontinuous power pattern. This problem compounds the Near-Far Problem.
Transmit power amplifiers provide another area where interference can limit the capacity of CDMA communication systems. The maximum output power of transmit power amplifiers is determined by a number of design parameters including power dissipation and unwanted emissions. Unwanted emissions are those that are outside the bandwidth of the input signal. Most of the unwanted emissions occur due to intermodulation within the power amplifier. Intermodulation is caused by high transmit power levels that drive the amplifier into a nonlinear region.
Unwanted emissions are often limited by regulatory bodies, such as the FCC. Industry standards may also set limits on unwanted emissions in order to avoid interference with the same or another system. To maintain unwanted emissions within the desired limits, the output power of the transmit power amplifier is selected so that the probability of exceeding the emission limits is very small. When a waveform having a nonlinear envelope is amplified, the maximum output is determined by the portion of the waveform that has the highest power level. Additionally, if the requested output power exceeds the maximum permitted output power, a transmitter can limit the output power to the maximum permitted level in order to keep the unwanted emissions within the prescribed limits.
Referring now to
FIG. 1
, there is shown graphical representation
10
of transmission waveforms
12
,
18
. Transmission waveform
12
is formed of waveform portions
14
,
16
having differing power levels. The transmit power level limitation of the amplifier will be reached by portion
14
rather than by portion
16
because portion
14
has the highest instantaneous power. In contrast, transmission waveform
18
has a constant envelope. Transmitting at the maximum power permits higher energy transmission, as illustrated by the areas under transmission waveforms
12
,
18
. In order to maximize the total transmit energy over a period of time, it is therefore desirable that the signal applied to the transmitter have a peak to average power ratio as close to one as possible. Furthermore, in addition to preventing the peak transmit power problems, a constant power level reduces self interference that can result from fast changes of the loading in the power amplifier.
For example,
FIG. 2
shows a plurality of transmission waveforms
20
a-n.
The number n of transmission waveforms
20
a-n
can be very large. For example, n can commonly have a value of two hundred or more in CDMA communication systems. Transmission signal
20
a-n
is formed of pilot portions
22
, control portions
24
, voice portions
26
, and data portions
28
. Pilot portions
22
of transmission signals
20
a-n
always have a high power level. By definition, in order to serve as a pilot signal, portion
22
must always be high. Data portions
28
are usually relatively high because it is a very highly utilized time slot. Voice portions
26
, on the other hand, are typically low because voice signals have many unused periods.
Total power waveform
30
represents the total power of transmission waveforms
20
a-n
summed together. Because pilot portions
22
and data portions
28
are at high levels within transmission waveforms
20
a-n,
the corresponding portions
32
,
38
of total power waveform
30
are high. Because voice portions
26
vary and are usually low, portion
36
of total power waveform
30
can vary from close to zero to an intermediate level.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is a method for limiting the peak transmit power in a CDMA communication system. At least one of first and second high transmit power regions are separated into a plurality of high transmit power subregions. The high transmit power subregions of the plurality of high subregions are shifted by time offsets of differing durations to provide a plurality of time offset subregions. First and second low transmit power regions are also provided. At least one of the first and second low transmit power regions is also separated into a plurality of transmit power subregions and the low transmit power subregions are shifted by time offsets of differing time durations. The subregions can be time offset by a predetermined time duration or by a random time duration.
REFERENCES:
patent: 5210771 (1993-05-01), Shaeffer et al.
patent: 5579306 (1996-11-01), Dent
patent: 5745484 (1998-04-01), Scott
patent: 0620658 (1994-10-01), None
patent: 0751630 (1997-01-01), None
patent: 9818217 (1998-04-01), None
Holtzman Jack M.
Lundby Stein A.
Terasawa Daisuke
Tiedemann Jr. Edward G.
Baker Kent D.
Greenhaus Bruce W.
Ngo Ricky
QUALCOMM Incorporated
Wadsworth Philip R.
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