Ships – Building – Freighters
Patent
1990-08-23
1992-04-28
Basinger, Sherman
Ships
Building
Freighters
14 713, 4141394, 4141415, 4141432, B63B 2714, B63B 2716
Patent
active
051077817
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ship having at least in one of its sides an opening leading to its covered cargo space, and in particular to a loading and unloading system for such a ship, the system consisting of rails, in the top part of the cargo space, for at least one overhead crane moving in the longitudinal direction of the ship, and of an intermediate cargo deck at the opening, divided into sections and movable in the vertical direction in order to bring it into horizontal alignment with the quay. The ship according to the invention is especially suitable for use for transport of forest industry products, but it can also be used for transport of mixed cargo and bulk cargo.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FI patent 71908 discloses a ship of the above type and its loading and unloading system, in which the side port is hinged at its lower end to form a ramp which adjoins an intermediate cargo deck which moves in the vertical direction and is divided into sections so that the ramp and the intermediate cargo deck can be aligned horizontally with the quay irrespective of its height, in which case the cargo units can be driven by a loading trailer into the cargo space of the ship to be further transferred to their final places by means of an overhead crane.
In a ship according to FI patent 71908, the cargo space is of the same height over its entire length, being, in the example case presented, of the height of at least three cargo units plus an overhead crane, in which case the height of the cargo space has to be increased by the height of one cargo unit over its entire length even if the size and stability of the ship would allow the use of only a cargo space of unincreased height, i.e. a cargo space having the height of two cargo units. However, also in the case of smaller ships the cargo space has to be made higher than this in the area adjoining the side ports, in order to enable the intermediate cargo deck to be horizontally aligned with the quay regardless of even great variations in the water level. If it is desired to improve the stability of such a ship, and specifically of a smaller ship of less than 8,000 dwt which has not been equipped with an active stabilization system and the cargo space of which is of equal height over its entire length, the upper part of the covered cargo space has to be left empty, in which case the ratio of covered cargo space to exploited cargo space remains disadvantageous. This results in harbor costs high in proportion to the cargo carried in those countries in which the total capacity of a vessel is the decisive factor in the determination of harbor-dues.
If, on the other hand, the cargo space of such a ship is made lower so that the height of the cargo space corresponds, for example, to only two cargo units plus the space required by the crane, such a system is not capable of operating in a situation in which the proportions of the quay height, ship draft, and water level vary greatly. Such situations appear in almost all harbors, and in most shiploading situations. The problem could possibly be solved by using a floating or otherwise adjustable quay, but such a solution would not be economical.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages and to provide a loading and unloading system also for smaller ships not equipped with an active stabilization system, without the cargo space having to be, over its entire length, of the same height as in the area adjoining the side ports. The invention provides a ship which can be loaded and unloaded in highly varied conditions, without the height of the cargo space having to be increased over its entire length by more than required by the operation of an overhead crane, i.e. by an amount equal to the height of the overhead crane. The present invention is especially usable in smaller ships having a capacity of less than 8,000 dwt which have not been equipped with an active stabilization system and in which it is thus not worth whil
REFERENCES:
patent: 3314389 (1967-04-01), Giaever-Enger et al.
patent: 4138961 (1979-02-01), Roper
Ebeling Jaakko
Pesonen Jarmo
Basinger Sherman
Jaakko Poyry Oy
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