Compositions: coating or plastic – Coating or plastic compositions – Metal-depositing composition or substrate-sensitizing...
Patent
1981-12-30
1986-05-13
Bell, Mark L.
Compositions: coating or plastic
Coating or plastic compositions
Metal-depositing composition or substrate-sensitizing...
106 89, 106 90, 106 98, B32B 1300, C04B 1500, C04B 3100
Patent
active
045884439
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a national phase of International Patent Application No. PCT/DK81/0048 filed on May 1, 1981, and is a continuation in part of U.S. Appln. Ser. No. 195,422 filed on June 24, 1980 and now abandoned, which application was a national phase of International Patent Application No. PCT/DK/0047 filed on Nov. 2, 1979.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to a new class of material, not limited to cement systems, wherein the fundamental principle comprises the utilization of known geometric and kinematic principles for arrangement of larger bodies or particles in desired configuration relative to each other, in particular dense packing, in systems of fine particles or bodies which are 1-2 orders of magnitude finer than the body or particle systems in which they are embedded. By means of a dispersing agent, the locking surface forces between adjacent bodies which hitherto prevented the dense arrangement of bodies or particles of micro or submicro size are overcome. The application of these principles permits the production of a variety of new materials of hitherto unknown high quality such as high performance fiber/metal matrix composites, whereby the compressive strength and abrasion resistance of the metal matrix is substantially improved by the introduction of submicro particles.
In particular, the present invention relates to densified systems, shaped articles made therefrom and processes for making the same, whereby the densified system is composed of a coherent matrix in which ultrafine inorganic solid particles of a size of from about 50 .ANG. to about 0.5.mu. are homogeneously arranged in the void volume between densely packed solid particles having a size of the order of 0.5-100.mu. and which are at least one order of magnitude larger than the respective ultrafine particles and a surface active dispersing agent which is effective to secure the homogeneous distribution of the ultrafine particles and which is present in an amount sufficient to secure the homogeneous distribution of such particles. Additionally embedded in the matrix are compact-shaped solid particles of a material having a strength which exceeds that of ordinary sand and stone used for ordinary concrete.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Densified Systems containing homogeneously arranged ultrafine Particles, for brevity termed DSP in the following specification and claims, were described and defined in detail for the first time in International Patent Application No. PCT/DK79/00047. The present invention relates to important further developments of the DSP systems, including new types of DSP systems and new materials within previously described types of DSP systems, new techniques for establishing DSP systems, and new applications of DSP systems.
DSP systems give rise to hitherto unattainable mechanical qualities, including strength, density, and durability, of materials and articles based on such systems and make it possible to establish such articles and materials by advantageous novel methods which broaden the possibilities of establishing advanced microstructures of constructional materials for a great variety of applications.
In a very brief form, the basic principle of DSP systems comprises placing ultrafine bodies or particles having a size of from about 50 .ANG. to about 0.5 .mu.m in homogeneous arrangement in the void between substantially densely packed bodies or particles having a size of from about 0.5 .mu.m to about 100 .mu.m and being at least one order of magnitude (power of 10) larger than the respective ultrafine particles. Some essential characteristics of the DSP systems are contained in the following five points: arrangement of bodies, especially particles, in desired configuration--in particular in very dense arrangement--in systems of fine particles or bodies which are 1-2 orders of magnitude finer than the systems in which it has so far been possible to benefit from known particle geom
REFERENCES:
patent: 2410954 (1946-11-01), Sharp
patent: 3880664 (1975-04-01), Schulze
patent: 4046583 (1977-09-01), Collepardi
patent: 4111711 (1978-09-01), Kiehl et al.
patent: 4118242 (1978-10-01), Kjohl et al.
patent: 4255195 (1981-03-01), Holter et al.
Aktieselskabet Aalborg Pottland-Cement-Fabrik
Bell Mark L.
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