Shampoo compositions

Details Shampoo compositions Shampoo compositions

2001-05-04

2002-09-03

Delcotto, Gregory (Department: 1751)

Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions

Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing

For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...

C510S125000, C510S127000, C510S130000, C510S137000, C510S138000, C510S158000, C510S159000, C510S504000, C424S070110, C424S070190, C424S070220, C424S070280

Reexamination Certificate

active

06444628

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates o hair shampoo compositions which contain a combination of anionic surfactant, cationic polymer and a particular type of monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compound. The compositions provide conditioning benefits and enhanced removal of oily materials accumulated on the hair.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
Consumers oil hair both pre wash and post wash. Pre wash oiling is done as it is believed that oils nourish hair and protect it during the wash process. Post wash oiling is done for manageability and styling. The oiling habit is widely practised by around 800 million people across the Central Asia and Middle east region.
Hair becomes soiled and sticky due to its contact with dust and other particulate matter from the environment and, to a greater extent, from sebum secreted by the scalp. The build-up of the sebum causes the hair to have a dirty feel and unattractive appearance, a Situation requiring frequent hair shampooing, However, in the case of consumers who oil their hair, the problem arises that the oil on the hair may interfere with the action of the shampoo, both in terms of cleansing and conditioning.
There is therefore a need for a shampoo which can provide both conditioning benefits to the hair and enhanced removal of oily materials accumulated on the hair.
The present inventors have found that shampoo compositions which contain a combination of anionic surfactant, cationic polymer and a monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compound in which the alkyl chain length is C8 to C14 give superior conditioning and oil removal.
C8 to C14 monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compounds have been disclosed in the context of shampoos as follows:
GB 2177108 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,151,210 describe shampoos comprising anionic surfactant, silicone, suspending agent and a lauryl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt. The shampoos are said to possess good stability and provide superior hair conditioning.
JP 06293620 describes a shampoo containing a lauryl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt in conjunction with anionic and amphoteric surfactant. The shampoo is said to show good foamability and softening properties without damaging the hair.
None of the above documents disclose the inclusion of a cationic polymer in their formulations. Surprisingly, compositions of the invention exhibit improved deposition of cationic polymer onto the hair (and thus improved conditioning benefit) as well as enhancing oil removal from the hair.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an aqueous shampoo composition comprising, in addition to water:
i) an anionic cleansing surfactant;
ii) a cationic polymer, and
iii) a monoalkyl quaternary ammonium compound in which the alkyl chain length is C8 to C14.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Anionic Cleansing Surfactant
Shampoo compositions according to the invention comprise one or more anionic cleansing surfactants which are cosmetically acceptable and suitable for topical application to the hair.
Examples of suitable anionic cleansing surfactants are the alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, alkaryl sulphonates, alkanoyl isethionates, alkyl succinates, alkyl sulphosuccinates, N-alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, alkyl ether carboxylates, and alpha-olefin sulphonates, especially their sodium, magnesium, ammonium and mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts. The alkyl and acyl groups generally contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and may be unsaturated. The alkyl ether sulphates, alkyl ether phosphates and alkyl ether carboxylates may contain from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide or propylene oxide units per molecule.
Typical anionic cleansing surfactants for use in shampoos of the invention include sodium oleyl succinate, ammonium lauryl sulphosuccinate, ammonium lauryl sulphate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, triethanolamine dodecylbenzene sulphonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, sodium lauryl isethionate and sodium N-lauryl sarcosinate. The most preferred anionic surfactants are sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium lauryl ether sulphate(n)EO, (where n ranges from 1 to 3), ammonium lauryl sulphate and ammonium lauryl ether sulphate (n) EO, (where n ranges from 1 to 3).
Mixtures of any of the foregoing anionic cleansing surfactants may also be suitable.
The total amount of anionic cleansing surfactant in shampoo compositions of the invention is generally from 5 to 30%, preferably from 6 to 20%, more preferably from 8% to 18% by weight based on total weight of the shampoo composition.
Cationic Polymer
A cationic polymer is an essential ingredient in shampoo compositions of the invention.
The cationic polymer may be a homopolymer or be formed from two or more types of monomers. The molecular weight of the polymer will generally be between 5,000 and 10,000,000, typically at least 10,000 and preferably in the range 100,000 to about 2,000,000. The polymer will have cationic nitrogen containing groups such as quaternary ammonium or protonated amino groups, or a mixture thereof.
The cationic nitrogen-containing group will generally be present as a substituent on a fraction of the total monomer units of the cationic polymer. Thus when the polymer is not a homopolymer it can contain spacer non-cationic monomer units. Such polymers are described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Directory, 3rd edition. The ratio of the cationic to non-cationic monomer units is selected to give a polymer having a cationic charge density in the required range.
Suitable cationic polymers include, for example, copolymers of vinyl monomers having cationic amine or quaternary ammonium functionalities with water soluble spacer monomers such as (meth)acrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl (meth)acrylamides, alkyl (meth)acrylate, vinyl caprolactone and vinyl pyrrolidine. The alkyl and dialkyl substituted monomers preferably have C1-C7 alkyl groups, more preferably C1-3 alkyl groups. Other suitable spacers include vinyl eaters, vinyl alcohol, maleic anhydride, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol.
The cationic amines can be primary, secondary or tertiary amines, depending upon the particular species and the pH of the composition, In general secondary and tertiary amines, especially tertiary, are preferred,
Amine substituted vinyl monomers and amines can be polymerised in the amine form and then converted to ammonium by quaternization.
The cationic polymers can comprise mixtures of monomer units derived from amine- and/or quaternary ammonium-substituted monomer and/or compatible spacer monomers.
Suitable cationic polymers include, for example:
copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidine and 1-vinyl-3-methyl-imidazolium salt (e.g. chloride salt), referred to in the industry by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, (CTFA) as Polyquaternium-16. This material is commercially available from BASF Wyandotte Corp. (Parsippany, N.J., USA) under the LUVIQUAT tradename (e.g. LUVIQUAT FC 370);
copolymers of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidine and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, referred to in-the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium-11. This material is available commercially from GAF Corporation (Wayne, N.J., USA) under the GAFQUAT tradename (e.g., GAFQUAT 755N);
cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers including, for example, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer and copolymers of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 6 and Polyquaternium 7, respectively;
mineral acid salts of amino-alkyl eaters of homo- and co-polymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, (as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,009,256);
cationic polyacrylamides(as described in WO95/22311).
Other cationic polymers that can be used include cationic polysaccharide polymers, such as cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch derivatives, and cationic guar gum derivatives.
Cationic polysaccharide polymers suitable for use in compositions of the invention include those of the formula:
A—O—[R—N
+
(R
1
)(R
2
)(R
3
)x
−
]
wherein: A is an anhydroglucose residual group, such as a starc

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