Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces – auxiliary compositions – Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing – For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
Reexamination Certificate
2000-09-15
2001-10-23
Gupta, Yogendra N. (Department: 1751)
Cleaning compositions for solid surfaces, auxiliary compositions
Cleaning compositions or processes of preparing
For cleaning a specific substrate or removing a specific...
C510S119000, C510S124000, C510S125000, C510S426000, C510S427000, C510S428000, C510S429000, C510S433000, C510S503000, C510S504000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06306805
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to surfactant compositions comprising a mixture of at least one cationic surfactant, at least one anionic surfactant, preferably a sulfonated methyl ester and/or a sulfonated fatty acid, and at least one “bridging surfactant” selected from semi-polar nonionic, ethoxylated alkanolamide, and amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to stable, synergistic mixtures of cationic, anionic, and bridging surfactants that are useful primarily as shampoos and/or body washes. The instant invention further provides both a method for preparing the inventive surfactant compositions, i.e., shampoos, and a methods of treating hair with the shampoo compositions. When applied to hair, the surfactant shampoo compositions of the instant invention generally provide for cleaning, conditioning, bodifying, and/or moisturization of the hair.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The process of hair care is multifaceted and generally involves washing, conditioning, and styling the hair. The desirable results of the hair care process include a persistent look and feel of clean hair between washings, ease of combing, absence of static electricity, manageability, soft feel and shine. A limited number of hair care products are available which clean as well as condition the hair by the use of one product, i.e., a two-in-one conditioning shampoo. Certain two-in-one conditioning shampoos typically contain water, anionic surfactants, foam stabilizers, insoluble nonvolatile silicone conditioning agents and silicone suspending agents. Other such products contain cationic conditioning agents in place of silicone. However, all of these singular shampoo products and/or two-in-one products have various limitations. These limitations are well known in the art. Other hair care products are available which simultaneously clean, condition and control dandruff, i.e., a 3-in-1 anti-dandruff shampoo. These too have well known limitations.
Since known two- and three-in-one hair care products have various limitations, a need exists for surfactant based shampoo compositions which are capable of delivering cleaning, foaming and/or conditioning properties to the hair, with limited or no build up of the compositions on the hair after multiple application. It is desired that new hair care compositions provide comparable or superior cleaning, foaming and/or conditioning properties to the hair, as compared to prior art hair care compositions. Further, a need exists for compositions with the above-described properties which are efficacious on fine, long, or chemically damaged hair.
General detergent anionic-cationic surfactant mixtures are well known to the art. See generally, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,441,541, 5,472,455, 5,204,010, 4,790,856, 4,298,480, 3,730,912 (all to The Colgate-Palmolive Company), 5,622,925, 5,607,980, 5,565,145, 4,913,828, 4,659,802, 4,436,653, 4,338,204, 4,333,862, 4,132,680 (all to The Procter & Gamble Co.); also see WO 97/03164, WO 97/12022 and WO 96/37591 (all to The Procter & Gamble Co.), and WO 97/28238 and WO 97/15647 (both to Reckitt & Colman, Inc.). See also, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,610,187 and 4,247,538 (both to Witco Corp.), 5,344,949 (to Th. Goldschmidt AG), 5,332,854 and 5,324,862 (both to Dai-Ichi Kogoyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.), 4,273,760 (to National Starch and Chemical), and 4,264,457 (to DeSoto, Inc.). Mixed surfactant systems have also been disclosed in “
Mixed Surfactant Systems”
, ACS Symposium Series 501, P. M. Holland and D. N. Rubingh (Jun. 17-19, 1991).
Additionally, there have been many studies and symposia on mixed surfactant systems. See, for example, Scamehorn, J. F., ed., “Phenomena in Mixed Surfactant Systems”, ACS Symposium Series 311, Washington, D.C. (1986). The effects of alkyl groups and oxyethylene groups in nonionic surfactants on the surface tension of anionic-nonionic systems have been described. See Abe et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 107, p. 503 (1985); Ogino et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 107, p. 509 (1985); and Rosen et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 95, 443 (1983). Interaction between betaines and cationic surfactants has also been studied. See Zhu et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 108, 423 (1985).
Mixed surfactant systems have shown synergistic improvements in surfactant properties compared to the properties of their individual surfactant components. Synergism increases with the degree of charge difference. Thus, the greatest synergistic surfactant property improvements are realized when mixing anionic and cationic surfactants. See Rosen et al. in “Phenomena in Mixed Surfactant Systems” (Scamehorn, J. F., ed.), ACS Symposium Series 311, Washington, D.C. (1986), pp. 144-162; Zhao et al. in “Phenomena in Mixed Surfactant Systems” (Scamehorn, J. F., ed.) ACS Symposium Series 311, Washington, D.C. (1986) pp. 184-198.
In detergent applications, although in principle any surfactant is suitable, in practice only anionic and nonionic surfactants typically are used. Cationic surfactants, especially quaternary ammonium salts, can decrease detergency and enhance soil redeposition when used in heavy-duty liquid detergents. Consequently, there is a general notion that anionic and cationic surfactants cannot be used in the same formula without loss of efficacy. Similar worries regarding potential loss of efficacy exist when contemplating use of cationic surfactants in hair and skin conditioning applications. Thus, anionic-cationic surfactant mixtures have been used only sparingly in the production of consumer cleaning products and personal care products.
Studies on anionic-cationic systems are recent and few compared to studies on other mixed surfactant systems. However, strong synergism has been exhibited by these systems. Surface activity properties, particularly the critical micelle concentration (cmc), surface tension, and microemulsion behavior (Bourrel et al., Tenside Detergents, 21, 311 (1984)), were the most studied properties. For example, the surface activities of mixed aqueous solutions of sodium dihexylsulfosuccinate with dioctyl(hydroxyethyl)methylammonium chloride and sodium dihexylsulfosuccinate with octyl(hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride were much higher than those of the single surfactants. See Zao, G., Huoxue Xuebo, 43, 705 (1985) (Ch. Chem. Abstracts 103:184033n). The strong synergistic effect on surface pressure for mixed solutions of cationic and anionic surfactants has been studied quantitatively. When dilute solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide were mixed, tile surface pressure increased by more than 40 mN/m. Also, the cmc and the minimum surface tension were lower for the mixture than for either the anionic or cationic surfactants alone (Lucassen-Reynders et al., J. Colloid Interface Sci., 81, p. 150 (1981)).
However, mixed anionic-cationic mixtures also have shown antagonistic effects relative to the properties of the individual surfactant components. See Chobanu et al., Izv. Akad. Nauk. Mold. SSR, Ser. Biol. Khim. Nauk., 5, p. 66 (1982). Unlike other mixed surfactant systems, most anionic-cationic surfactant mixtures studied are insoluble or only slightly soluble in water. Hence, practical use of anionic-cationic surfactant mixtures has been very limited in areas where a relatively high concentration of surfactants is needed (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,472,455, to Mehreteab, issued Dec. 5, 1995). Thus, there is a need for soluble anionic-cationic surfactant mixtures.
At present, very few anionic-cationic surfactant mixtures have been found which produce clear solution phases over a wide concentration range at equimolar composition. See generally, Khan, A.; Marques, E.;
Spec. Surfactants
1997, 37-80, edited by Robb, I. D. Blackie. Typically, anionic-cationic surfactant mixtures are present as microemulsions, rather than as clear, homogeneous solutions. Usually, the anionic and/or cationic surfactant must be alkoxylated to even maintain such a microemulsion.
Because the probability of synergism between surfactants increases with th
Bernhardt Randy
Bezdicek Rita
Bratescu Daniela T.
Lyons Sandy
Nelson Jeff
Boyer Charles
Gupta Yogendra N.
McDonnell & Boehnen Hulbert & Berghoff
Stepan Company
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