Liquid purification or separation – With means to add treating material – Spaced along flow path
Patent
1992-07-29
1994-09-27
Cintins, Ivars
Liquid purification or separation
With means to add treating material
Spaced along flow path
210205, B01D 2124
Patent
active
053505115
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to an apparatus that highly purifies contaminated rivers, lakes, swamps, bay seawater, domestic sewage, industrial waste fluid, butcher waste fluid, sewage, dust waste fluid, garbage incinerator waste fluid, dung, agricultural chemicals, germicides, kitchen sewage and the like. 2. Description of the Related Art
Conventional sewage purification apparatuses use a concrete reservoir occupying a spacious amount of land or building, wherein an apparatus to culture aerobic bacteria is equipped in the reservoir to continuously supplement water in the reservoir with bacteria. Simultaneously, air is pumped through the water for activation. Contaminated water diluted by several-fold water is attacked by bacteria so that contaminants in the water are digested by the bacteria and purified. However, this process takes several months, requires large equipment and accrues high costs. It also needs an enormous amount of land and a large apparatus for achieving complete purification. Because of this, contaminated water has undesirably been drained into rivers after having been diluted by several-fold water, resulting in polluted rivers, lakes, swamps and seas. A filtering apparatus using sands, activated carbon, membranes or the like, is very expensive and very uneconomical.
In the past, various kinds of single flocculants have been used to purify water by cohering and removing sludge and inorganic matters from contaminated water. Aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, polymer flocculants and the like have been used alone as the flocculant. When contaminated water was mixed and stirred with a single flocculant and left to settle, only small stones and sands cohered and settled on the bottom of the container after 6 to 24 hours, and the water did not become transparent. In civil engineering structures, the process was repeated until the contaminated water became transparent. However, it was impossible to remove impurities dissolved in the water even when the apparatus accounted for 30% of the construction costs.
Contaminated water generated at construction sites was sent by a pump into a large tank installed on the highest mountain or hill nearby, wherein the water was stirred with a single flocculant and left for 6 to 24 hours to separate inorganic matter by cohesion-sedimentation. Then supernatant, although still translucent, was transferred to another purification tank installed at a lower level, wherein the flock was stirred again and left for 6 to 24 hours; thereafter the supernatant was transferred to another tank installed on the hill at a lower level. This process was repeated several times.
Specifically, the process was repeated more than 6 to 10 times, and transparent water was finally drained into the river. Even now, ferric chloride, alum or the like is used at construction sites. (However, BOD and COD of the contaminated water or purified water are not taken into account.) Therefore, even if the water became transparent, it was still contaminated.
It is understood in academia and in industry that contaminants in water are unable to be purified by separation and removal using any kinds of flocculants. Therefore, in water treatment plants and sewage purification plants, solid materials and inorganic matter in the sewage are first removed by slow sedimentation, filtering, or by a slow sedimentation-separation using a single flocculant (ferric chloride) mixed and stirred. Then after a slow sedimentation-separation, it is attacked with bacteria for 1 to 5 days by means of the activated-sludge process, whereby invisibly small bacteria are cultivated with air to digest the contaminants. This process requires an enormous amount of land, equipment, costs and time. Nevertheless, contaminated water has been drained into rivers after adjusting its pH and after being filtered.
In dung processing, dung was attacked with bacteria for 5 to 7 days by the activated sludge process, then filtered through high polymer membranes, which cost 20 million Yen per
REFERENCES:
patent: 4134833 (1979-01-01), McCormick
patent: 4710290 (1987-12-01), Briltz
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