Serine protease inhibitors

Details Serine protease inhibitors Serine protease inhibitors

2002-02-04

2004-08-31

Shah, Mukund J. (Department: 1624)

Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions

Designated organic active ingredient containing

Having -c-, wherein x is chalcogen, bonded directly to...

C546S201000, C546S245000, C546S208000, C546S187000, C546S189000, C546S193000, C514S323000, C514S330000, C514S326000, C514S316000, C514S318000, C544S364000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06784182

ABSTRACT:

This invention relates to compounds which are inhibitors of serine proteases, to pharmaceutical compositions thereof and to their use in the treatment of the human or animal body.
The serine proteases are a group of proteolytic enzymes which have a common catalytic mechanism characterized by a particularly reactive Ser residue. Examples of serine proteases include trypsin, tryptase, chymotrypsin, elastase, thrombin, plasmin, kallikrein, Complement C1, acrosomal protease, lysosomal protease, cocoonase, &agr;-lytic protease, protease A, protease B, serine carboxypeptidase II, subtilisin, urokinase, Factor VIIa, Factor IXa, and Factor Xa. The serine proteases have been investigated extensively over a period of several decades and the therapeutic value of inhibitors of serine proteases is well understood.
Serine protease inhibitors play a central role in the regulation of a wide variety of physiological process including coagulation, fibrinolysis, fertilization, development, malignancy, neuromuscular patterning and inflammation. It is well known that these compounds inhibit a variety of circulating proteases as well as proteases that are activated or released in tissue. It is also becoming clear that serine protease inhibitors inhibit critical cellular processes, such as adhesion, migration, free radical production and apoptosis. In addition, animal experiments indicate that intravenously administered serine protease inhibitors, variants or cells expressing serine protease inhibitors, provide a protective effect against tissue damage.
Serine protease inhibitors have also been predicted to have potential beneficial uses in the treatment of disease in a wide variety of clinical areas such as oncology, neurology, haematology, pulmonary medicine, immunology, inflammation and infectious disease.
In particular serine protease inhibitors may be beneficial in the treatment of thrombotic diseases, asthma, emphysema, cirrhosis, arthritis, carcinoma, melanoma, restenosis, atheroma, trauma, shock and reperfusion injury.
Thus for example an inhibitor of Factor Xa has value as a therapeutic agent as an anticoagulant, e.g. in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic disorders. The use of a Factor Xa inhibitor as an anticoagulant is desirable in view of the selectivity of its effect. Many clinically approved anticoagulants have been associated with adverse events owing to the non-specific nature of their effects on the coagulation cascade.
Also, there are well-known associations of &agr;1 protease inhibitor deficiency with emphysema and cirrhosis and C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency with angioedema.
It has now been found that certain aromatic compounds are particularly effective as inhibitors of serine proteases, especially proteases with negatively charged P1 specificity pockets, and most especially the serine protease Factor Xa. The Factor Xa inhibitors of this invention are potentially useful for the prophylaxis or treatment of thrombotic disorders such as amongst others venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, arterial thrombosis, myocardial ischaemia, myocardial infarction, and cerebral thrombosis. They potentially have benefit in the treatment of acute vessel closure associated with thrombolytic therapy and restenosis, e.g. after transluminal coronary angioplasty or bypass grafting of the coronary or peripheral arteries and in the maintenance of vascular access patency in long term hemodialysis patients.
Factor Xa inhibitors of this invention may, with benefit, form part of a combination therapy with an anticoagulant with a different mode of action or with a thrombolytic agent.
It has been reported in WO99/11658 and WO99/11657 that certain benzamidine and aminoisoquinoline derivatives carrying a bulky lipophilic side chain are excellent inhibitors of serine proteases. Unfortunately, it has since been found that benzamidine compounds of WO 99/11658 in general demonstrate poor oral bioavailability.
Surprisingly, it has now been found that certain other aromatic compounds also show inhibitory activity against serine proteases, in particular Factor Xa, despite the lack of the amidino or 1-aminoisoquinoline functionality previously believed to be crucial for activity as a factor Xa inhibitor. Many of these compounds also possess other structural features that further distinguish them from the compounds of WO99/11658 and WO99/11657.
Where compounds of the invention have been tested, they have generally demonstrated superior oral bioavailability in comparison with benzamidines disclosed in WO 99/11658. Also, it has been found that the compounds of the invention perform excellently in the prothrombin time assay (PT) when compared to aminoisoquinolines of similar factor Xa activity and structure. The PT assay is a coagulation assay and it is widely accepted that direct acting Factor Xa inhibitors which perform well in the PT assay are more likely to be good antithrombotics. Compounds of the invention have also been found to exhibit a good duration of action following oral administration.
In WO99/09053 certain 2-aminobenzamide compounds are disclosed as potential motilin receptor antagonists and in U.S. Pat. No. 3,268,513 similar 2-aminobenzamide compounds are suggested as potential antibacterial agents. However, the novel compounds of the present invention have not before been suggested as potential serine protease inhibitors.
Thus viewed from an one aspect the invention provides a serine protease inhibitor compound of formula (I)
wherein:
R
2
is a 5 or 6 membered aromatic carbon ring optionally interrupted by a nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur ring atom, optionally being substituted in the 3 and/or 4 position (in relation to the point of attachment of X—X) by halo, nitro, thiol, haloalkoxy, hydrazido, alkylhydrazido, amino, cyano, haloalkyl, alkylthio, alkenyl, alkynyl, acylamino, tri or difluoromethoxy, carboxy, acyloxy, MeSO
2
— or R
1
, or the substituents at the 3 and 4 positions taken together form a fused ring which is a 5 or 6 membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by halo, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, amino, hydrazido, alkylthio, alkenyl, alkynyl or R
1j
, and optionally substituted in the position alpha to the X—X group (i.e. 6 position for a six membered aromatic ring etc) by amino, hydroxy, halo, alkyl, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, amido, aminoalkyl, alkoxy or alkylthio with the proviso that R
2
cannot be aminoisoquinolyl;
each X independently is a C, N, O or S atom or a CO, CR
1a
, C(R
1a
)
2
or NR
1a
group, at least one X being C, CO, CR
1a
or C(R
1a
)
2
;
each R
1a
independently represents hydrogen or hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkyl, aminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino, acyloxymethoxycarbonyl or alkylamino optionally substituted by hydroxy, alkylamino, alkoxy, oxo, aryl or cycloalkyl;
R
1
is as defined for R
1a
, provided that R
1
is not unsubstituted aminoalkyl;
Y (the (&agr;-atom) is a nitrogen atom or a CR
1b
group;
Cy is a saturated or unsaturated, mono or poly cyclic, homo or heterocyclic group, preferably containing 5 to 10 ring atoms and optionally substituted by groups R
3a
or phenyl optionally substituted by R
3a
or R
3i
X
i
;
each R
3a
independently is R
1c
, amino, halo, cyano, nitro, thiol, alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, alkylsulphenyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, hydrazido, alkylimidazolyl, thiazolyl, alkylthiazolyl, alkyloxazolyl, oxazolyl, alkylsulphonamido, alkylaminosulphonyl, aminosulphonyl, haloalkoxy, haloalkyl, a group of the formula —C(X
3
)N(R
11
)R
12
(wherein X
3
is O or S; and R
11
and R
12
are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl or ethyl or together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl or morpholino group), or —OCH
2
O— which is bonded to two adjacent ring atoms in Cy;
X
i
is a bond, O, NH or CH
2
;
R
3i
is phenyl pyridyl or pyrimidinyl optionally substituted by R
3a
;
R
1b
, R
1c
and R
1j
are as defined for R
1a
; and
—L—Lp(D)
n
is
q is 1 or 2;
Q is methylene; and R
q
is NR
a
R
b
in which

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