Separators

Liquid purification or separation – Diverse distinct separators – Including a filter

Patent

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Details

2105121, 210521, 2105321, 210533, 210305, B01D 2126

Patent

active

055759092

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
This invention relates to separators for separation of liquids from mixtures of liquids having different specific gravities, or for separation of liquids and solids from mixtures of liquids and solids. The technology of separation is complex and involves factors which affect the efficiency of separation including differences in specific gravity (density for short), surface chemistry, flow characteristics, temperature, time and design of the containing vessels.
In practice, layers of material in a vessel will tend over a time period to stratify according to density, the most dense lying at the bottom and the least dense at the top. The smaller the differences in density, the longer it will take for efficient separation to occur.
Separators are designed in such a way as to:
a) provide time for settling to occur;
b) avoid excessive intermixing between different layers especially during the entry and exiting of materials; and
c) facilitate the easy removal of separated materials.
Traditional separators such as those used in industry tend to be bulky in order to allow time for settling to occur. Many contain a series of chambers to quieten flow and to achieve a degree of separation before passing material on to subsequent stages.
Problems often occur due to carry-over of unwanted materials. For instance, solid debris tends to be present at the outflow from septic tanks, leading to excessively high biological oxygen demand in the effluent and to eventual clogging of drainage channels.
Separators, called interceptors, which are used to separate petrol and oil from surface water drainage installations on garage forecourts can also become inefficient due to intermixing at high flow-rates, such as may occur in flash floods. This can result in excessive carry-over of unwanted materials into a mains drainage system.
In addition to the above operational problems, conventional separators are often expensive in the use of materials of construction and labour in manufacture and installation, and take up a good deal of space in manufacture, transport and use. A large number of septic tanks are still constructed in situ using blocks and mortar.
An object of the present invention is to obviate or mitigate these manufacturing and operational problems.
Accordingly, the present invention is a separator comprising an assembly of a first vessel and an upwardly-oriented elongate unit including a helical baffle forming a spiral passage in said unit, the first vessel having a sump and the unit being in fluid communication with the first vessel, an inlet means being provided to convey a mixture to be separated into the assembly, and at least two outlet means being provided through which the separated components of the mixture are removable from the assembly, the mixture passing through the first vessel and the passage of the unit with a disposable component being discharged and a required residual component being held in the first vessel.
Preferably, the unit comprises the baffle and is mounted inside the first vessel with the sump of the first vessel formed in the central portion thereof, the inner part of the baffle being cut-away adjacent to a bottom plate of the first vessel.
First alternatively, the unit is a second vessel of smaller dimensions than the first vessel with the baffle therein and is provided upwardly-oriented in the first vessel and extending a predetermined distance thereinto with therebelow a lower part of the first vessel serving as a sump to hold the residual component. The unit is preferably arranged to receive the mixture at the inlet end of the passage substantially centrally of the unit to flow around the passage with the disposable component being discharged therefrom at therefrom at or adjacent to the end of the passage via a pipe through the first vessel, while the residual component flows into the sump of the first vessel. Alternatively, the unit may be arranged to receive a partially separated mixture, the mixture first having passed through the first vessel to perform an initial separation of the comp

REFERENCES:
patent: 2790554 (1957-04-01), Work
Translation of German Referance No. 1052951.

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