Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus – product – and – Current producing cell – elements – subcombinations and... – Separator – retainer or spacer insulating structure
Patent
1992-06-09
1994-08-30
Kalafut, Stephen
Chemistry: electrical current producing apparatus, product, and
Current producing cell, elements, subcombinations and...
Separator, retainer or spacer insulating structure
429206, H01M 216
Patent
active
053427084
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a separator for an alkaline storage cell, in particular a nickel-cadmium storage cell in which the electrodes may have a sintered structure, a foam type or a fiber-based structure, or a structure in which the active material is consolidated by a polymer.
At present, five types of separator are used in such storage cells.
The first type comprises a corrugated or ribbed microporous sheet. This bulky separator requires a certain distance between electrodes and thus limits cell capacity per unit volume. It is also observed that when the electrolyte level falls, the operation of the cell is affected.
The second type comprises firstly a ribbed microporous sheet whose ribbed face is applied against the positive electrode, and secondly a complementary felt adjacent to the plane face. This type suffers from the same drawbacks as a separator of the first type. In addition, it is the seat of pockets of gas accumulation between the electrodes which is detrimental to operation thereof.
The third type is constituted by a set of equidistant cylindrical or prismatic bars made of polyolefin and having a thickness that determines the spacing between the electrodes. This spacing is generally in the range 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm. Such a separator still has the drawbacks of a separator of the first type, but in addition it does not constitute an effective inter-electrode barrier against short circuits if the inter-electrode distance is less than 1 mm.
The fourth type as described in French patent number FR-A-2 628 892, which comprises:
two sheets of polyamide, polypropylene or polyethylene felt having a thickness lying in the range 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm, and having a weight lying in the range 10 g/m.sup.2 100 g/m.sup.2 ; and
a membrane of cellophane or polyolefin interposed between these two felts, and having a thickness lying in the range 0.02 mm to 0.03 mm.
The object of the membrane is to act as a barrier to oxygen diffusion, but not to short circuits.
The fifth type of separator is constituted by a corrugated and perforated sheet of PVC. It suffers from the same drawbacks as the first type of separator and in addition it does not provide the electrodes with sufficient protection against short circuits.
An object of the present invention is to implement a separator enabling the inter-electrode distance to be reduced, i.e. enabling cell capacity per unit volume to be increased, while nevertheless forming an effective barrier against short circuits and preventing the formation of pockets of gas.
The present invention provides a separator for an alkaline storage cell, in particular for a nickel-cadmium storage cell, the separator being constituted by two sheets of polypropylene, polyamide, or polyethylene felt having a thickness lying in the range 1.0 mm and 0.4 mm, and having a weight lying in the range 10 g/m.sup.2 to 100 g/m.sup.2, together with an intermediate sheet interposed between said two felts, the separator being characterized by the fact that said intermediate sheet is plane, has a thickness lying in the range 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm, is made of a sintered material selected from polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and a copolymer based on polyvinyl chloride or on polyethylene, has a porosity of not less than 30%, has pores of a diameter lying in the range 10 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m, and has a weight lying in the range 100 g/m.sup.2 to 400 g/m.sup.2.
Preferably, said weight is about 220 g/m.sup.2 and said pore diameter lies in the range 20 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m.
The separator may be assembled around electrodes in the form of bonded pockets; it may also be in the form of continuous strip disposed concertina-like between the electrodes.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention appear from the following description of embodiments given by way of non-limiting illustrative example.
In the accompanying drawing:
FIG. 1 is a highly diagrammatic fragmentary section through a prior art separator corresponding to the fourth above-mentioned type; and
FIG. 2 is a highly diagrammatic fragmentary section thr
REFERENCES:
patent: 2930829 (1960-03-01), Jacquier
patent: 3484295 (1969-12-01), Dawson
patent: 3583029 (1971-06-01), Rabl
patent: 4137377 (1979-01-01), McClelland
patent: 4215186 (1980-07-01), Jaeger
patent: 5069990 (1991-12-01), Yoshimura et al.
Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 11, No. 117 (E-498) (2564); Apr. 11, 1987 and JPA, 61-264,685 (Matsushita) Nov. 22, 1986.
Champalle Patrice
Green Anthony
Liska Jean-Louis
Kalafut Stephen
SAFT
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