Classifying – separating – and assorting solids – Sifting – Endless belt sifters
Reexamination Certificate
2000-11-22
2003-09-23
Nguyen, Tuan N. (Department: 3653)
Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
Sifting
Endless belt sifters
C209S665000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06622869
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a separating device and to a method for separating solids, such that coarse solid constituents are separated from fine solid constituents.
In many fields in the industry, it is necessary to separate solids, which are contained, for example, in bulk material, into a plurality of constituents or fractions. The constituents are, as a rule, subdivided according to different sizes, geometries, or compositions. A separation of the solids is desirable whenever the different solid constituents are provided for further treatment.
In the building industry, for example, building debris is separated from large and bulky debris constituents which can then be sorted and reutilized. The separated finer building debris is disposed of, for example, on a dump provided for this purpose.
In the field of waste disposal, the separation and sorting of the waste or of residues occurring during waste utilization are of increasing importance in view of a disposal which protects the environment as much as possible. An essential factor in this is separation of the waste according to its size. Separation may be carried out before the waste is utilized; however, it may also be an essential method step during waste utilization itself.
For waste elimination, thermal methods are known, in which the waste is burnt in refuse incineration plants or is pyrolyzed in pyrolysis plants, that is to say subjected to a temperature of about 400° C. to 700° C. with the exclusion of air. In both methods, it is expedient to separate the residue remaining after incineration or after pyrolysis, in order either to supply it for reutilization or to dispose of it in a suitable way. In this case, the aim is to keep the residue to be ultimately stored on a dump as low as possible.
European Patent EP 0 302 310 and the company publication “Die Schwel-Brenn-Anlage, eine verfahrensbeschreibung” [“The Low-Temperature Carbonization Incineration Plant, a Process Description”], published by Siemens A G, Berlin and Munich, 1996, disclose as a pyrolysis plant, a so-called low-temperature carbonization incineration plant, in which essentially a two-stage method is carried out. In the first stage, the waste delivered is introduced into a low-temperature carbonization drum (pyrolysis reactor) and is carbonized at low temperature (pyrolyzed). During pyrolysis, low-temperature carbonization gas and pyrolysis residue form in the low-temperature carbonization drum. The low-temperature carbonization gas is burnt, together with combustible parts of the pyrolysis residue, in a high-temperature combustion chamber at temperatures of approximately 1200° C. The waste gases occurring in the process are subsequently purified.
The pyrolysis residue also has non-combustible constituents in addition to combustible parts. The non-combustible constituents are composed essentially of an inert fraction, such as glass, stones or ceramic, and of a metal fraction. The useful materials of the residue are sorted out and recycled. For sorting purposes, it is necessary to have methods and components which ensure reliable and continuous operation.
In the case of screening or separating devices, there is often the problem that the screen surfaces become clogged. The separating device then breaks down or has to undergo, at least, complicated and labour-intensive cleaning. The problem of the blockage of separating devices arises, in particular, when the solids to be separated have a highly inhomogeneous composition. Thus, for example, wires catch in perforated plates used as screen surfaces, so that the individual holes S are initially narrowed and, in time, become clogged. Moreover, for specific uses, the separated solid fragments should not exceed a maximum size.
The residue occurring during pyrolysis is typically a highly inhomogeneous solid of this kind, which has pronounced differences as regards its material composition, its size and the geometry of its solid fragments. The residue also contains, in addition to stones, broken glass and larger metal fragments, elongate bars or entangled wires (wire pellets).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is accordingly an object of the invention to provide a separating device and a method for separating solids, which overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the heretofore-known devices and methods of this general type and which allow a continuous operation with simple measures and which ensure that only solid constituents up to a maximum dimension are separated.
With the foregoing and other objects in view there is provided, in accordance with the invention, a separating device for separating solids, including:
at least two deflecting rollers;
a moving belt rotating about the at least two deflecting rollers, the moving belt defining a conveying direction;
transverse strips or plates fastened to the moving belt, the transverse strips being spaced from one another and extending transversely to the conveying direction, the transverse strips defining fall-through orifices for solids, the fall-through orifices defining a plane; and
a feed device for feeding the solids, the feed device being configured such that the solids are deposited at an acute angle, substantially parallel to the plane defined by the fall-through orifices.
Only solid fragments, the dimension of which is smaller than that of the fall-through orifices, fall through the fall-through or screening orifices. Larger solid fragments remain lying on the transverse strips and, lying on these, are transported further to the end of the separating device. The moving belt is preferably very narrow and serves primarily for the forward movement and the fastening of the transverse strips, which are provided, in particular, vertically on the moving belt, so that they form an elevation. For example, two moving belts are provided, which run parallel and next to one another and on which the transverse strips are fastened. The fall-through orifices are therefore delimited by the moving belts and by the transverse strips.
The particular advantage of the separating device is that a solid constituent or fraction, the dimension of which corresponds to the spacing between two successive transverse strips and which has been jammed between them, is automatically released at the end of the separating device in the region of the end-face deflecting roller. This is because, during rotation around the deflecting roller, the spacing between the two transverse strips widens and allows the solid fragment to fall down. The possibility of a blockage of the separating device is thus eliminated and continuous fault-free operation is ensured.
The separating device advantageously has a feed device for the solids, via which the solids can be applied essentially parallel to the plane formed by the fall-through orifices. For this purpose, the feed device preferably terminates directly above the moving belt, and its feed direction forms an acute angle with the conveying direction.
The solid fragments or constituents, in particular elongate solid fragments, supplied to the separating device are therefore fed, approximately parallel, to the plane formed by the fall-through orifices. This rules out the possibility of such elongate solid fragments falling vertically through the fall-through orifices.
Moreover, the configuration of the feed device directly above the moving belt or above the transverse strips prevents the parallel-aligned solid fragments from tilting vertically downwards and falling lengthways through the fall-through orifices. The smaller the acute angle of the feed device is, the more reliably elongate solid fragments are correctly separated according to their length. The feed direction may also run parallel to the conveying direction, in so far as the, for example, horizontally provided feed device has a separate conveying device, so that the solids can be supplied to the separating device, or in so far as the entire separating device, together with a feed device, is inclined relative to the horizontal.
For the a
Rhein Winfried Von
Riggenmann Reinhold
Werdinig Helmut
Greenberg Laurence A.
Mayback Gregory L.
Nguyen Tuan N.
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Stemer Werner H.
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