Liquid purification or separation – Filter – Material
Reexamination Certificate
2001-05-11
2003-10-14
Fortuna, Ana (Department: 1723)
Liquid purification or separation
Filter
Material
C210S490000, C210S500260, C210S321600, C055S523000, C055S524000
Reexamination Certificate
active
06632360
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a device for separating liquid and/or gas components from each other, which device includes a ceramic membrane comprising a porous layer of &ggr;-alumina which is present on top of a porous layer of supporting material, that is, the carrier, and also to the membrane used in such a device.
2. Description of the Related Art
The separation of different molecules which are present in liquids or gases is frequently an important part of industrial chemical processes. Industrial separating techniques are traditionally based on distillation, crystallisation, absorption, extractions and/or cryogenic techniques. One drawback of said techniques is the fact that they require a great deal of energy as well as significant investment.
Consequently, there is a need for separation techniques which require less energy and which can be used both on a large scale and on a small scale. In this connection, membranes are frequently used for separating or filtrating gases of liquids at a molecular level. There are various kinds of membranes, among which polymeric and ceramic membranes. Ceramic membranes are finding increasingly wide industrial application.
Some advantages of ceramic membranes in comparison with polymeric membranes are their greater thermal and chemical stability, mechanical strength, selectivity and through-flow rate.
A number of specific applications are steam sterilisation for the foodstuffs industry and the medical industry, filtration of steam containing hot waste gases in the process industry, and membrane reactors, such as steam reformers and dehydrogenation reactors.
For ultrafiltration purposes, the filter layer frequently consists of &ggr;-alumina, a mesoporous material, which may be applied on top of a layer of macroporous &agr;-alumina. For gas filtration purposes, a silica layer, a microporous material, may furthermore be applied to the &ggr;-alumina layer. In that case the &ggr;-alumina layer functions as a bridging layer between the large pores of the carrier and the very small pores of the silica layer.
One drawback of the use of this kind of ceramic membranes in the aforesaid industrial processes is their limited resistance to certain substances, such as steam, whereby the &ggr;-alumina layer may come loose under the influence of the steam of the carrier. Said coming loose of the &ggr;- alumina layer may also lead to the fracture of the silica layer that may be present, as a result of which the function of such a membrane will be lost.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the invention is to provide a membrane having a long life, which provides a stable bond between the &ggr;-alumina layer and the carrier.
In order to accomplish that objective, an alkali-free, phosphorous material is present between said supporting material and said layer of &ggr;-alumina. In practice it has become apparent that such a phosphorous material is conducive towards obtaining a good bond between the two layers, which bond appears to be properly resistant to, inter alia, steam.
Preferably, said alkali-free, phosphorous material substantially consists of monoaluminium phosphate, and said supporting material consists substantially of alumina and/or titania and/or zirconia and/or silica and/or metal compounds. Such materials, which are known per se, appear to be satisfactory in practice for obtaining a stable and reliable membrane.
In one preferred embodiment, a porous top layer having smaller pores, preferably a top layer which contains silica, is present on top of said porous layers of &ggr;-alumina, as a result of which a satisfactory gas separation filter is obtained.
The invention furthermore relates to a method for separating liquid and/or gas components from each other, wherein said liquid and/or said gas is passed through a ceramic membrane comprising a porous layer of &ggr;-alumina which is present on a porous layer of supporting material, wherein an alkali-free, phosphorous material is present between said supporting material and said layer of &ggr;-alumina.
The invention furthermore relates to a method for manufacturing a ceramic membrane for separating liquid and/or gas components from each other, wherein a porous layer of &ggr;-alumina is applied to a porous layer of supporting material, characterized in that an alkali-free, phosphorous material is provided between said supporting material and said layer of &ggr;-alumina. In one preferred embodiment, an aqueous solution of monoaluminium phosphate is applied to said supporting material, after which the membrane is slowly heated and maintained at a temperature of more than 250 degrees Celsius for at least two hours, followed by slow cooling, after which the layer of &ggr;-alumina is applied. In this manner a stable bond is obtained.
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Kruidhof Hendrik
Nijmeijer Arian
Verweij Hendrik
Fortuna Ana
Universiteit Twente
Webb Ziesenheim & Logsdon Orkin & Hanson, P.C.
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