Electric heating – Heating devices – Combined with diverse-type art device
Patent
1981-02-20
1983-08-30
Reynolds, B. A.
Electric heating
Heating devices
Combined with diverse-type art device
219541, 219381, 219205, 219374, 219307, 338 22R, B60L 102
Patent
active
044018797
ABSTRACT:
A fuel supply system having means for furnishing a mixture of air and alcohol or gasohol fuels to an automotive engine has a self-regulating, ceramic, electrical resistance heater for enhancing fuel evaporation during cold engine starting and incorporates a heater of improved structure to maintain stable heating properties in the alcohol-based system over a long service life. The heater has thin, all-metal contacts of electroless, deposited nickel formed directly on a ceramic material of positive temperature coefficient of resistivity in ohmic contact relation to the ceramic material and has a thin, substantially pore-free outer coating of electrolytically deposited nickel covering and shielding the ohmic contacts from the effects of an alcohol vapor atmosphere, whereby the ohmic contacts retain their contacting properties during thermal cycling in engagement with the oxygen-rich ceramic material and in the alcohol atmosphere so that the fuel supply system maintains uniform fuel evaporation properties over a long service life.
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Ohmic Contacts to Semiconducting Ceramics by D. R. Turner and H. A. Sauer, J. Electrochem. Soc. 107, 240, (1960).
Electrodes for Ceramic Barium Titanate Type Semiconductors by Harry M. Landis, J. Applied Physics 36(6), pp. 2000-2001, (1965).
Formation of Ohmic Contacts In Semiconducting Oxides by J. Narayan and V. N. Shukla, J. Applied Physics 51(6), pp. 3444-3446, (1980).
Kulwicki Bernard M.
Shukla Vishwa N.
Haug John A.
McAndrews James P.
Reynolds B. A.
Sharp Melvin
Texas Instruments Incorporated
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