Compositions – Electrolytes for electrical devices
Patent
1991-05-21
1993-06-15
Howard, Jacqueline V.
Compositions
Electrolytes for electrical devices
252 495, 252 56R, 560190, 560 91, 560198, 554213, 554218, 554219, 554223, 554224, 554227, C10M10542, C07C 69003, C07C 6933, C07C 6958
Patent
active
052194795
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to ester compounds having self-emulsifying properties and which are useful in aqueous cooling and lubricating agents for machining in particular metal items.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
In machining operations of in particular metals, e.g. turning, grinding, milling and drilling operations, mineral oils have traditionally been used as lubricating agents. This has caused a number of problems due to the resulting oil smoke and oil aerosols and inadequate cooling. These problems have to some extent been reduced through the increasing use of mineral oil emulsions. However, such emulsions have not solved the environmental problem aspects of the use of lubricating agents for the machining of metals.
Mineral oils as well as emulsions thereof have a number of drawbacks such as limited lubricating ability which necessitates the addition of various additives. Typical examples of such additives are corrosion inhibitors, biocides, lubrication improving additives, VI-improvers (viscosity index improvers) and, in case of emulsions, emulsifiers. A number of these additives can, just like mineral oil itself, cause skin irritations or irritation of the air passage.
In later years, it has been attempted to solve the work environmental problems surrounding in particular cooling/lubricating agents by using either pure synthetic oils or by using mixtures of mineral and synthetic oils. Such measures have to some extent reduced the need for the incorporation of additives. The synthetic oils employed are often derivatives of various monocarboxylic acids, mostly fatty acids.
However, there is still a profound need for lubricating agents that on the one hand improves the indoor environment and on the other hand causes less of a stress on the external environment. It is well known that the biodegradability of mineral oils is very inferior. The transition to ester-based base components improved this property. At the same time, the lubricating agent must provide metal items having the decided surface characteristics, appearance and tolerances. Furthermore, the wear of cutting tools should not be increased but should desirably be reduced due to improved lubricating ability.
The present invention fulfills the above described needs in a surprising manner in that it provides novel compounds that may be used as a component in an aqueous lubricating agent for use in particular in the machining of metals.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the invention concerns compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a group of the formula II moiety of a mono- or polycarboxylic acid, and n is an integer from 0 to 15; moiety of a mono- or polycarboxylic acid, and m is an integer from 0 to 15; moiety of a mono- or polycarboxylic acid, and p is an integer from 0 to 15; and polycarboxylic acid, and r is an integer from 1 to 15; or different and the 2 groups R.sup.2 may be the same or different; R.sup.23 is an acyl moiety of a polycarboxylic acid group, then 0-3 of the remaining carboxy groups of the polycarboxylic acid form the acyl function(s) of a moiety R.sup.20, R.sup.21, R.sup.22, and R.sup.23 in another unit of the formula I;
Contrary to most of the previously used synthetic oils, compounds of the formula I have self-emulsifying properties, and are able to form highly homogeneous, stable, transparent microemulsions. Such emulsions have exhibited surprisingly superior cooling and lubricating properties during metal machining operations.
Consequently, the invention also concerns compositions consisting of one or more compounds of the formula I as defined above in combination with one or more additives; and aqueous emulsion of one or more compounds of the formula I or of a composition containing such compounds; as well as the use of such compounds, compositions or emulsions as cooling and lubricating agents in the machining of metal items.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present context, the term "C.sub.1-4 alkyl" means a stra
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Chemical Abstracts, vol. 92, No. 20, May 1980, p. 333.
Jensen Jan W.
Mathiesen Thomas
Esti Chem A/S
Howard Jacqueline V.
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