Self-contained device for chemically producing high-pressure bre

Details Self-contained device for chemically producing high-pressure bre Self-contained device for chemically producing high-pressure bre

1998-09-11

2000-12-05

Brown, Michael A.

Surgery

Respiratory method or device

Gas produced by electrolysis or chemical reaction

A61M 1500

Patent

active

061552542

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention relates to a self-contained device for chemically generating high-pressure breathing oxygen.
The technical sector of the invention is that of the instantaneous supply of breathing oxygen.
The intended fields are the medical or paramedical field, the aeronautics field and the military field.
The main known processes used for generating oxygen corresponding to industrial or medical standards are distillation after air liquefaction, electrolysis of water, and chemical processes.
Although the first two processes are widely used in industry, in particular for distillation, the equipment employed is heavy, bulky and complex. Furthermore, in the case of distillation, it does not allow the desired gas to be obtained instantaneously, given that an air-cooling phase is necessary for the liquefaction.
Chemical processes, by contrasts, get around the problem of complex apparatuses and are particularly suitable for extreme situations such as remote or isolated sites, natural disasters, and emergency, crisis or conflict situations.
One of the various known processes for chemically generating oxygen which may be cited is the process consisting in using solid agglomerates which release oxygen by thermochemical decomposition.
The basic material used in these agglomerates, known as chemical candles, is an oxygen-containing salt capable of liberating oxygen by heating.
Generally, alkali-metal chlorates are used, these being mixed with a catalyst of the metal-oxide type which lowers the decomposition temperature and with a combustible substance whose oxidation releases the heat necessary to maintain the temperature of the oxido-reduction reaction.
Nevertheless, the devices for chemically generating oxygen have two major drawbacks: bottles or tanks, since there is a risk of the thermochemical reaction of the solid agglomerates used degenerating, which may thus result in an explosion; dioxide is generated, which prevents the generated gas being used in the medical field where conformity to the pharmacopoeia is mandatory.
These drawbacks have been remedied by using a carbon-free fuel of high reactivity, and avoiding the risk of explosion, namely magnesium.
French Patent No. 1,403,612 describes an apparatus for generating breathing oxygen which comprises an active substance based on an alkali-metal chlorate mixed with a catalyst consisting of manganese dioxide and with magnesium as the fuel.
However, such an active substance does not have a high yield for its volume since the relative density of the agglomerate remains close to that of the alkali-metal chlorate, in this case sodium chlorate, i.e. about 1.6.
French Patent 2,620,435 discloses agglomerates containing the same ingredients but having a relative density greater than 1.8. These solid agglomerates are obtained by compression above 10.sup.8 Pa (1000 bar) of a mixture based on sodium chlorate (NaClO.sub.3), sodium dichromate (NaCr.sub.2 O.sub.3), manganese dioxide (MnO.sub.2), magnesium (Mg) and water (H.sub.2 O). The presence of water is necessary as it acts as a cohesion agent and ensures that the mixture is very safe to use by making it inert. Despite the high pressures applied when manufacturing the agglomerates, the risks of these mixtures suddenly decomposing and exploding are thus avoided.
The candle confined in a pressurized container must be ignited by means suitable for this purpose.
French Patent 2,523,867 describes a chemical oxygen generator in which the pressurized container in which the candle is housed, held between two perforated discs, forms an empty space all around the candle in which the oxygen, on passing through a membrane which is perforated when the igniting means are triggered, can escape via an outlet orifice. However, the configuration of this apparatus does not allow the pressure to rise to a high value and, in addition, the system can be used only once since it is not possible to replace the candle.
One object of the present invention is to generate oxygen at high pressure, i.e. greater than or equal to 100 bar, for filli

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