Communications – electrical: acoustic wave systems and devices – Seismic prospecting – Land-reflection type
Patent
1998-03-18
1999-12-07
Oda, Christine K.
Communications, electrical: acoustic wave systems and devices
Seismic prospecting
Land-reflection type
367 52, 367 50, 367 39, 367 40, 367 74, G01V 136
Patent
active
059994878
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The present invention concerns a device for and method of acquiring and processing reflection seismic data for exploring a medium with complex tectonics.
In the multiple coverage reflection seismic data acquisition technique emission sources and receivers are disposed on the surface of the medium to be explored. The recordings, in the form of traces, are formed into groups having a same mid point. The series of recordings associated with a same mid point forms what is usually called a common mid point trace gather. To obtain these trace gathers the sources or emitters and the receivers must be distributed over the surface of the medium in accordance with a predetermined geometrical arrangement.
Two categories of devices can be defined: 2D or 3D. In a 2D device the sources and the receivers are theoretically spread out in a line on the surface of the medium, so as to provide a linear distribution of common mid points (CMP), or one that is treated as such, with a single horizontal coordinate for each CMP.
In a 3D device the sources and the receivers are disposed to provide a surface distribution of mid points, or one that is treated as such, with two horizontal coordinates for each CMP.
In FR 2 729 766 of Jan. 23, 1995, hereby incorporated by reference in all aspects concerning the processing of the characteristics or parameters of the medium to be explored, there is described a method of processing seismic data particularly well suited to studying media with complex tectonics and producing parameters characterising at least the stack velocity field associated with reflector components. The method described in FR 2 729 766 proposes, in particular, recording four serial 2D seismic surveys, analogous to conventional marine 3D seismic surveys, and oriented in four directions, any two successive directions being at an angle of substantially 45.degree. to each other. An important advantage of this method is that acquisition can be effected in three dimensions with 2D acquisitions for media that can be explored only in three dimensions.
An object of the present invention is a method of acquiring and processing reflection seismic data producing a tensor stack velocity field and a 3D image block, for example in terrestrial 3D seismic prospecting with complex tectonics.
The method of the invention is of the type using at least one elastic wave source and receivers of waves reflected by at least one reflector of the medium, the reflected wave being recorded in the form of seismic traces, and is characterised in that: predetermined first direction to obtain in said first direction a first dense distribution of mid points of source-receiver pairs that produced said seismic traces, and is constituted grouping all the traces produced by the source-receiver pairs that are substantially aligned with the first direction, the mid point of each pair being coincident with the CMP of the trace gather, perpendicular to said first direction and a CMP trace gather is constituted for each of the MP distributed along the second direction grouping all the traces produced by the source-receiver pairs that are substantially aligned with the second direction, the mid point of each pair being coincident with the CMP of the trace gather, directions which constitute an analysis grid the intersections of which are analysis nodes, the number of seismic traces in each CMP trace gather being sufficient for a curvature analysis of the time distance curves.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, a third dense distribution of MP along a third direction is also generated and for each of the MP distributed along the third direction a CMP trace gather is constituted grouping all the traces produced by the source-receiver pairs that are substantially aligned with the third direction, the mid point of each pair being coincident with the CMP of the trace gather, the number of seismic traces in each CMP trace gather being sufficient for a curvature analysis of the time distance curves.
In accordance with another feature of the invention, a
REFERENCES:
patent: 4611311 (1986-09-01), Frasier
patent: 4742497 (1988-05-01), Beasley et al.
De Bazelaire Eric
Deplante Christian
Riou Alain
Elf Exploration Production
Jolly Anthony
Oda Christine K.
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