Plant protecting and regulating compositions – Plant growth regulating compositions – Plural active ingredients
Reexamination Certificate
2000-04-28
2002-09-24
Pryor, Alton (Department: 1616)
Plant protecting and regulating compositions
Plant growth regulating compositions
Plural active ingredients
Reexamination Certificate
active
06455468
ABSTRACT:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to chemical compositions useful for treating seeds. In particular, the present invention relates to a chemical composition useful for treating seeds to allow for planting and growing of seedlings under stressed conditions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Yield of various crops is affected by the conditions to which seeds and seedlings of such crops are exposed. Seeds are the part of a plant that typically contain an embryo, stored food, and a protective coat thereon. Young plants grown from seeds are generally referred to as seedlings. Such relatively small, immature forms are more susceptible to harsh environments and diseases than their mature counterparts.
Seeds and seedlings may be exposed to one of, or a combination of, cold, drought, salt, heat, pollutants, and disease, conditions that potentially retard or prevent the growth of crops therefrom. For example, temperature extremes are typical in the upper Midwest region of the United States. Furthermore, diseases evolved from pathogens and deterioration caused by fungi are potentially harmful to seeds and seedlings. Thus, it is desirable to treat seeds with compositions that render the seeds and seedlings grown therefrom more hardy when exposed to such conditions.
Various agents have been used to treat seeds to increase resistance of the plants to stressed conditions, such as cold, drought, salt, and fungi. Such agents include, for example, sodium methylphenyl-pentadienate, O,N-diaryl-carbamate derivatives, choline, salts of choline, chlorocholine chloride, hydroxy-benzimidazole derivatives, trichloroacetic acid, polyoxyalkylene-organo-siloxane block copolymer, 5-aminolevulinic acid, carboxy-propionyl-amino-pyrrolidine, ethanolamine, 2-trimethylammonio-ethanol chloride, salicylic acid, potassium chloride, and polyvinyl alcohol. Many such agents have been used in aqueous solutions to impregnate and/or coat seeds. They can be used alone, or in combination, but typically only show positive effects on limited types of plants. Thus, there is a need for seed treatment compositions that can be used on a wider variety of plants to improve their resistance to a variety of stress conditions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a chemical composition useful for treating seeds. The composition includes choline chloride, a calcium-containing salt, a potassium-containing salt, and salicylic acid. The choline chloride can be present at a concentration of about 5 millimolar to about 25 millimolar. The calcium-containing salt can be selected from the group of calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, and combinations thereof. The calcium-containing salt can be present in the composition at a concentration of about 20 millimolar to about 30 millimolar. The potassium-containing salt can be selected from the group of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, and combinations thereof. The potassium-containing salt can be present in the composition at a concentration of about 20 millimolar to about 25 millimolar. The salicylic acid can be present in the composition at a concentration of about 50 micromolar to about 100 micromolar.
Optionally, the composition includes glycerol, which can be present at a concentration of, for instance, about 0.5% by volume to about 3.0% by volume. Optionally, the composition includes chlorocholine chloride, which can be present at a concentration of, for instance, about 5 micromolar to about 4 millimolar of chlorocholine chloride. Optionally, the composition can include an alkanolamine, which can be present at a concentration of, for instance, about 15 millimolar to about 25 millimolar.
In another aspect of the present invention, the chemical composition is essentially choline chloride, a calcium-containing salt, a potassium-containing salt, salicylic acid, and glycerol, or the chemical composition is essentially choline chloride, chlorocholine chloride, a calcium-containing salt, a potassium-containing salt, salicylic acid, an alkanolamine, and glycerol.
The present invention also provides a chemical composition useful for treating seeds that includes chlorocholine chloride, a calcium-containing salt, a potassium-containing salt, salicylic acid, and an alkanolamine, and does not include ((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol. The alkanolamine can be present in the composition at a concentration of about 15 millimolar to about 25 millimolar. The chlorocholine chloride can be present in the composition at a concentration of about 5 micromolar to about 4 millimolar. The calcium-containing salt can be selected from the group of calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, and combinations thereof. The calcium-containing salt can be present in the composition at a concentration of about 20 millimolar to about 30 millimolar. The potassium-containing salt can be selected from the group of potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, and combinations thereof. The potassium-containing salt can be present in the composition at a concentration of about 20 millimolar to about 25 millimolar. The salicylic acid can be present in the composition at a concentration of about 50 micromolar to about 100 micromolar. Optionally, the composition includes glycerol, which can be present at a concentration of, for instance, about 0.5% by volume to about 3.0% by volume.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for treating seeds with a composition of the present invention. The seed can be, for instance, a corn seed or a soybean seed. The method can also include planting the seed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention provides seed treatment compositions useful for treating seeds of a variety of plants, including, for example, corn and soybean. A seed treatment composition according to the present invention can show desirable effects on plants when exposed to drought, cold, heat, and salt, for example.
For example, a seed treatment composition of the present invention can potentially enhance (i.e., increase) at least one of the following: seed emergence rate from soil, early vigor of seedlings; growth and development of seedlings; and crop yield. Significant improvements in root growth and development (e.g., one or more of branching, length of roots, diameter of roots, number of lateral roots, root nodules) have been observed in seedlings grown from seeds treated with a seed treatment composition of the present invention. Likewise, significant improvements in crop growth (e.g., one or more of increased height of the crop, increased plant fresh weight, minimized leaf chilling damage, minimized leaf drought damage) have been observed in crops grown from seeds treated with a seed treatment composition of the present invention. Although not intending to be limiting, it is believed that these positive effects result from stabilizing the cell membranes, in order to maintain cell properties as would exist under moderate environmental conditions.
The seed treatment compositions of the present invention include a combination of several components, typically at least four, preferably at least five, more preferably at least six, and most preferably at least seven components. It has been discovered that a mixture of the components described herein is effective on a wider variety of plants than are the individual components. Also, it has been discovered that a mixture of components described herein is typically more effective than are the individual components therein.
In some aspects of the invention, the compositions include choline chloride, a calcium-containing salt, a potassium-containing salt, and salicylic acid. Optionally, the compositions further include glycerol, chlorocholine chloride, or an alkanolamine. Alternatively, the compositions are essentially choline chloride, a calcium-containing salt, a potassium-containing salt, salicylic acid, and glycerol. In another aspect of the invention, the compositions include chlorocholine chloride, a calcium-containing salt, a potassium-containing salt, salicylic acid, and an alkan
Jian Ling-cheng
Li Paul Pen Hsiang
Mueting Raasch & Gebhardt, P.A.
Pryor Alton
Regents of the University of Minnesota
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