Security system for NBC-safe building

Details Security system for NBC-safe building Security system for NBC-safe building

2001-10-01

2003-08-26

Lee, John R. (Department: 2881)

Radiant energy

Ionic separation or analysis

Ion beam pulsing means with detector synchronizing means

C250S286000, C073S023200, C073S028010, C073S023360, C073S023360, C378S088000, C378S086000, C378S186000

Reexamination Certificate

active

06610977

ABSTRACT:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to security systems and, more particularly, to a security system for NBC-safe buildings.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Physical security for NBC-safe buildings requires that no entering personnel, packages or vehicles carry weapons, explosives, chemical warfare agents, or biological warfare agents. Unfortunately, heretofore, no convenient, single-point inspection system containing sensors for all of these classes of threats has existed.
A possible reason for the lack of such a single-point inspection system is the breadth and variety of the possible threatening agents and devices, and the corresponding number and variety of necessary sensing, detection and identification apparatus necessary to implement such a unified system, as well as the problem of an effective methodology for detecting such a wide variety of threats. To better understand the problem to be solved, it is useful to understand and appreciate the various types of threats and agents at issue. We therefore begin with a general discussion of these various types/classes of threats:
Biological Warfare Agents
The phrase “biological warfare agents” as used in this patent refers generally to toxins, bioregulators, and biological warfare organisms. These agents, in turn, are described as follows:
Toxins
Toxins are poisons produced by living organisms. They are extremely poisonous and generally have a toxicity several orders of magnitude greater than nerve agents. Cytotoxins (such as ricin) cause cellular destruction, whereas neurotoxins affect the central nervous system.
Bioregulators
Bioregulators are substances related to those normally found in the body that regulate certain body functions and processes. Some bioregulator agents influence blood pressure, others cause pain. An example of a bioregulator is Substance P which causes a rapid loss of blood pressure.
Biological Warfare Organisms
Biological warfare organisms, as opposed to chemical agents or toxins, are, by definition, alive. These organisms include viruses, bacteria, rickettsia, and fungi. All of them are capable of genetic engineering, which can make them more virulent, less treatable, and more difficult to detect.
Known virus warfare organisms include, but are not limited to, variola virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, dengue virus, hantavirus, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, and arenaviruses.
Known bacteria warfare organisms include, but are not limited to, bacillus
anthracis, clostridium botulinum, francisella tularensis
, brucella,
vibrio cholerae, chlamydia psittaci, shigella dysenteriae, staphylococcus aureus, yersinia pestis, burkholderia mallei
, and
salmonella typhi.
Chemical Warfare Agents
Chemical warfare agents include, but are not limited to: blister agents (e.g., Mustards and Lewisite), nerve agents (e.g., Sarin, VX, Tabun and Soman)), arsenicals, the G-agents, and blood agents (cyanides). More particularly, chemical warfare agents further include, but are not limited to: GF, Mustard-Lewisite HL, Levinstein Mustard H, Nitrogen Mustards HN-1, HN-2, HN-3, Mustard-T mixture HT, Acrolein, Cyanogen Chloride CK, Chloropicrin, Chlorosulfonic acid, Diphosgene, Chlorine, Phosgene Oxime (CX), Phosgene (CG), Ethyldichoroarsine (ED), Ethyldibromoarsine, Diphenylchloroarsine (DA), Diphenylcyanarsine (DC), Ethylbromoacetate, Ethyliodoacetate, Ethylacetate, Bromoacetone, Chloroacetone, Benzylbromide, Xylylbromide, Sodiumdichloroicocyanate. This, of course, is but a partial representative list.
Weapons
For purposes of this patent, a “weapon” is defined to be any object or substance designed to inflict a wound, cause injury, or incapacitate, including, but not limited to, all firearms, BB guns, air guns, pellet guns, knives (including switchblade knives), axes, brass knuckles, swords, staffs, bos, ninja weapons, escrima sticks, sai, kama, whips, chains, shinai, tonfa, nunchaku, blowguns, slingshots, and cross-bows. It should be appreciated that this is only a partial list.
Explosives
Explosives are compounds capable of rapid decomposition with generation of high heat and a large quantity of gaseous product giving rise to a shock wave. The first recognized explosive was gunpowder which generally consists of a mix of potassium nitrate (75%), charcoal (10%) and sulphur (10%). The next major advancement was the discovery of nitroglycerine in 1846 by Ascanio Sobreo. Alfred Noble later mixed nitroglycerine with silica to make the more stable compound dynamite.
There are generally four main groups of explosives: Primary, Low, High and Blasting Agents. For purposes of this patent, the term “explosive” includes explosives, blasting agents, and detonators. It further includes, but is not limited to:
Primary Explosives
Lead Azide—primary explosive used mainly as a detonator in blasting caps and fuse detonators.
Lead Styphnate—primary explosive used mainly as a detonator in blasting caps.
Mercury gulminate—primary explosive used mainly as a detonator.
Low Explosives
Gunpowder—low explosive used as a propellant.
Fireworks—low explosive used as a propellant.
High Explosives
RDX—high explosive made of nitric acid and hexamethylene-tetramine often used in bombs as a primer or booster.
TNT—high explosive made of trintro-totoluene and is the most widely used military explosive in the world. TNT is used alone or in combination with other explosives as a main charge in artillery projectiles, mortar rounds, and aerial bombs.
Pentolite (PETN+TNT)—high explosive made of Pentaerythritol tretrinitrate often used in detonating caps and fuses.
Nitroglycerin—high explosive which is frequently used in dynamite.
Blasting Agents
A blasting agent is any material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer, that is intended for blasting and not otherwise defended as an explosive; if the finished product, as mixed for use or shipment, cannot be detonated by means of a number 8 test blasting cap when unconfined. A number 8 test blasting cap is one containing 2 grams of a mixture of 80 percent mercury fulminate and 20 percent potassium chlorate, or a blasting cap of equivalent strength. An equivalent strength cap comprises 0.40-0.45 grams of PETN base charge pressed in an aluminum shell with bottom thickness not to exceed to 0.03 of an inch, to a specific gravity of not less than 1.4 g/cc., and primed with standard weights of primer depending on the manufacturer. Examples of well known blasting agents include, but are not limited to:
Dynamite—blasting agent which is a mixture of nitroglycerin and kieselguhr often used for blasting and tunneling.
ANFO—blasting agent made of ammonium nitrate (commercial fertilizer) and fuel oils often used for excavating and vehicle bombs.
Plastic Explosives
A plastic explosive is defined as “an explosive material in flexible or elastic sheet form formulated with one or more high explosives which in their pure form has a vapor pressure less than 10
−4
Pa at a temperature of 25° C., is formulated with a binder material, and is as a mixture malleable or flexible at normal room temperature.” 18 U.S.C. 841(q); 27 CFR 55.180(d)(4). The present invention is designed to test for C-4 and Semtex, among other plastic explosives.
Under federal law, all plastic explosives manufactured or imported on or after Apr. 24, 1996, must contain a detection agent. Federal law enforcement agencies and the military may possess unmarked plastic explosives if they meet the requirements of the 15-year use-up period described in 18 U.S.C. 842(n); 27 CFR 55.180(c). These detection agents, when introduced into a plastic explosive or formulated in such explosive as a part of the manufacturing process in such a manner as to achieve homogeneous distribution in the finished explosive, include:
(1) Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), C[2]H[4](NO[3])[2], molecular weight
152
, when the minimum concentration in the finished explosive is 0.2 percent by mass;
(2) 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), C[6]H[12](NO[2&rs

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