Security of objects or documents

Details Security of objects or documents Security of objects or documents

1992-12-15

1994-10-11

Rosenbaum, Mark

Printed matter

Having revealable concealed information, fraud preventer or...

283 83, 283107, B42D 1500

Patent

active

053540972

DESCRIPTION:

BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention relates to an object or document secured against fraud. The invention also relates to a system for securing said object or document against fraud.
An object or document of the above-mentioned type can be, for example, a passport, a banker's card, a credit card, a security such as a banknote, a cheque or a share certificate, a product label, a travel card such as an airline ticket, or an admission ticket, but it can also be a painting, a compact disc, a music-, photo-, film- or video cassette, or a car.
If, by way of example, a passport is considered, it is provided with identifying marks with the object of safeguarding use of the document by making it unique and confined to one person. These identifying marks can comprise a specific layout of the document, a person's name, a passport photograph, an alphanumeric code, signatures, stamps and the like.
Another example of a document is a banknote, in the case of which efforts are made to counteract forgery by providing a watermark and other identifying marks which are difficult to copy, and also a unique serial number.
Some of the provided identifying marks are generally applied by means of very advanced equipment and techniques--in particular in the case of banknotes--in order to minimise the chance of illegal duplication of the documents. The price which has to be paid for these security measures is consequently high.
However, none of the above-mentioned measures provides adequate protection against the forgery of individual objects or documents, since in the first place the identifying marks can be copied with little or great effort. Further, when a passport is being checked the passport number or the person's name specified are used to check in a data file whether the passport number and the person's name exist and go together. This check does not, however, rule out the possibility that the person using the passport could be a different person from the one to whom the passport belongs, a fraud which can remain unnoticed through, for example, an indiscernible change of the passport photograph in the passport. It is also possible for the document itself to have been forged in such a way that this is not noticed by the authority checking it.
Secondly, a check on a specific combination of identifying marks is often impossible in practice. As already described above, it cannot be ruled out in the case of, for example, a passport that the document itself has been forged or that one of the identifying marks placed on it, such as a passport photograph, does not form a unit with the other identifying marks with which it is provided. The reason for this is that the data file forming the reference for the check contains purely alphanumeric information such as names and numbers and does not have any graphic information relating to, for example, the picture on a passport photograph or a signature.
Besides, it is generally not possible to check whether a specific object or document is genuine by means of a data file, but only by a human or mechanical assessment of a number of identifying marks of the object or document which are the same for all objects or documents, such as a line pattern, a colour, a watermark or the like.
From U.S. Pat. No. 4,218,674 a system comprising an object, in particular a document, secured against fraud is known, which object is provided with random imperfections consisting of fibers of a magnetic or magnetizable material which can be detected when measuring along a predetermined measuring track on the object. The measured imperfections are converted into a row of electric pulses and synchronised with a timing pulse also derived from marks on the object. Such a security system obviously does not function properly when the object has been subjected to external magnetic fields and therefore is of limited practical value. Besides, only a track is scanned, which provides only a limited quantity of security data for securing the object.
In the known method, the obtained security data are not combined with any data related to possible

REFERENCES:
patent: 3636318 (1972-01-01), Lindstrom et al.
patent: 3694285 (1972-09-01), Appel et al.
patent: 4218674 (1980-08-01), Brosow et al.
patent: 4682794 (1987-07-01), Margolin
patent: 5176405 (1993-01-01), Kaule et al.

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