Mining or in situ disintegration of hard material – Hard material disintegrating machines – Relatively shiftable cutters
Patent
1986-06-23
1988-06-07
Novosad, Stephen
Mining or in situ disintegration of hard material
Hard material disintegrating machines
Relatively shiftable cutters
299 75, F21C 2552
Patent
active
047491949
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
The invention regards a cutting machine for galleries, used to cut precision profiles on curved cross-sections in underground mining and tunneling operations by using cutting rollers which are movable in regard to the machine frame.
Shafts or excavation galleries in underground mining operations are preferably worked upon if they feature curved cross-sections, since the curved shape is best suited to support the high pressures of the bedrock or to accommodate the reduction of the cross-section (convergence) caused by the pressure of the bedrock. In cases such as these, it will be attempted to create inclined lateral gallery segments, that is to say, that the sides will be created at a slight angle in regard to the center of the gallery cross-section.
The mechanical excavation of such gallery profile shapes presently takes place with the aid of sectional cutting machines. These machines have a cutting head attached to the end of a boom, which, in turn, is attached to the sectional cutting machine itself, in such a way, that the entire surface of the gallery wall can be worked upon. The movement of the cutting boom is made possible with the aid of lifting and swivelling cylinders, which, due to kinematic reasons, attack at the machine end of the cutting base.
With boom sectional cutting machines, a so-called "overcuts" of the profile can not be avoided. This means, that, as a rule, the gallery cross-section will not be accurate in its profile contours, or that it will be cut with oversized dimensions, so that the gallery excavation cannot be made continuously flush to the rockbed. This circumstance makes it necessary to fill the gaps with mining mortar.
Consequently, it has been attempted to increase the profile cutting precision with the aid of complex mechanic or electronic profile section cutting controls and commands. However, so far, these attempts have not yet proven to be practical.
A further disadvantage of the boom sectional cutting machines consists in the length of the cutting boom necessary to cut the entire gallery cross-section, and in the arrangement of the lifting and swivelling cylinders at the machine end of the cutting boom, with the resulting unfavorably long levers. The long levers only allow relatively small forces to be applied to the cutting head. Consequently, boom cutting machines can only be equipped with so-called shaft bits. These bits, which mainly make grooves on the bedrock, have an insufficient life in abrasive secondary or country rock and also show unsatisfactory cutting performance characteristics.
The use of roller bits, which, due to their mode of operation, are also suited to loosen very hard rock, however, requires considerably higher forces, which cannot be exerted with boom cutting machines, since the range of application for these machines is restricted.
The task of the present invention consists in the development of a sectional cutting machine which will allow the precise cutting of a curved gallery roof profile, without additional auxiliary measures. This machine will also be able to be equipped in such a way, that it will increase the forward cutting action, such as with the use of roller bits on hard rock.
The task is solved in accordance to the invention by cutting the upper layer of the gallery roof profile with an upper roller configured as a frontal surface roller that moves on a support arm which can be swivelled along an axis that is parallel to the machine axis. The cutter for the lower layer will have a cross-cutting roller which is divided in two and it will further have even surfaces on the cutting side of the roller body. The lower cutting roller will move along a predetermined, even path which is parallel to the bed of the gallery.
The upper and the lower rollers are, thus, guided along predetermined planes of movement and only have simple, even movements. According to the invention, the use of separate cutting rollers with forced guidance, which are used to cut the upper layer into the shape of a curved gallery roof profile and the lower layer with
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Bagnell David J.
Creighton Wray James
Novosad Stephen
Saarbergwerke Aktiengesellschaft
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