Second order toroidal microphone

Details Second order toroidal microphone Second order toroidal microphone

1984-12-20

1987-06-23

Rubinson, Gene Z.

Electrical audio signal processing systems and devices

Directive circuits for microphones

381 88, 381169, 381188, H04R 132, H04R 120, H04R 140

Patent

active

046759069

ABSTRACT:
A second order gradient microphone arrangement is implemented with four commercially available, inexpensive first order gradient electret microphones which are arranged in the wall of a hollow cylinder at ninety degrees angular spacings and whose outputs are added to produce a toroidal directional characteristic. The distance between the tops of the microphones and the top of the cylinder equals the distance between the bottoms of the microphones and the bottom of the cylinder. The directional characteristic is relatively frequency independent. The arrangement is characterized by rotational symmetry around the cylinder axis and further by a cosine squared dependence in the planes containing the rotational axis. In the direction of the axis, the sensitivity at midfrequencies is typically twenty decibels lower than in the equatorial plane. The equalized frequency response in this plane is within .+-.3 dB from 0.3 to 3 kHz.

REFERENCES:
patent: 2539671 (1951-01-01), Olson
patent: 2563010 (1951-08-01), De Boer et al.
patent: 3573399 (1971-04-01), Schroeder
patent: 3573400 (1968-08-01), Sessler et al.
patent: 4420655 (1983-12-01), Suzuki
patent: 4436966 (1984-03-01), Botros
patent: 4589137 (1986-05-01), Miller
"Second-Order Gradient Unidirectional Microphones Utilizing an Electret Transducer", by G. M. Sessler and J. E. West, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 58, No. 1, Jul. 1975, pp. 273-278.

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