Telecommunications – Transmitter and receiver at separate stations
Patent
1994-12-30
1997-10-14
Eisenzopf, Reinhard J.
Telecommunications
Transmitter and receiver at separate stations
455 561, 455 531, 455 671, 370375, H04Q 0734
Patent
active
056781784
DESCRIPTION:
BRIEF SUMMARY
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a microcellular radio network comprising a plurality of base transceiver stations and higher-level network elements, such as base station controllers and exchanges, and a transmission network having node means to which the base transceiver stations and higher-level network elements are connected for dynamic establishment of digital transmission links between the network elements and the base transceiver stations.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
At present, different kinds of cellular radio or mobile phone systems are in use or under development, in which systems the geographical area covered by the network is divided into separate smaller radio areas called radio cells in such a manner that when a radio telephone or mobile radio station is located within the cell, it communicates with the fixed network through a fixed radio station, or base station, located in the radio cell. The mobile stations belonging to the system may roam freely within the area of the system from one cell to another. The base stations are connected, normally with fixed transmission links (e.g. PCM links), to a mobile exchange either directly or via an intermediate base station controller, which controls the base station system including several base stations. Each base station is provided with a fixed number of traffic channels for setting up calls with mobile stations via a radio path. The transmission link interconnecting a base station and a mobile exchange contains a fixed number of transmission channels equal to the number of traffic channels of the base station. The traffic load caused by mobile stations in cellular radio networks is highly statistical: all available radio channels and traffic channels are never in use at the same time. In practice it is very difficult to predict beforehand where the highest traffic load will be located geographically. Therefore, in conventional macrocellular networks, a fixed number of transmission channels equal to the number of traffic channels of the base station has been allocated for the transmission link between the base station and the switching centre.
In densely populated areas with a high traffic load, the aim is to achieve a cellular network that offers more efficient utilization of radio channels by employing very small and correspondingly a larger number of radio cells. Such a microcellular network comprises a huge number of base stations, wherefore it is practically impossible to predict the distribution of traffic load. On the other hand, the number of traffic channels of the base stations is even greater; consequently, the same large number of fixed transmission channels should be allocated for the transmission links between the mobile exchange and the base stations. In some macrocellular networks where the traffic load in different areas varies clearly at different times of day, manual routing of transmission channels has been employed to different base stations at different times of day. As stated above, the traffic load varies rapidly in microcellular networks and is difficult to predict, and therefore efficient manual allocation and control of transmission channels is impossible.
European Patent Application No. 366,342 discloses a cellular radio network in which the base stations and the other network elements are interconnected, instead of fixed connections, by virtual connections established on a call-by-call basis via a packet switched WAN (Wide Area Network). The routing of the packets loads the switch significantly, wherefore the document discloses procedures for processing the packets in different ways depending on whether the subscriber crosses the cell boundary or not. The disadvantage of the solution based on a packet switched network is that there is not available any general purpose packed switched network, and therefore the network with the required properties should be constructed specifically for this purpose. The solution based on a packet switched network also requires new equipment which can be used only for t
REFERENCES:
patent: 4733391 (1988-03-01), Golbold et al.
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"SDH-NY digital hierarki", Tele, Feb. 1990, pp. 43-49.
Binder, et al: "Vision O.N.E.-Optimierte Netz-Evolution", Nachrichtentechnik Eletronik, vol. 42, No 2, 1992, pp. 67-71.
Eisenzopf Reinhard J.
Nokia Telecommunications Oy
Sobutka Philip J.
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